Showing papers on "Vinyl acetate published in 1971"
Patent•
30 Mar 1971
TL;DR: A multiply laminate as mentioned in this paper is a multilevelastic material with a first layer of a cross linked ethylene vinyl acetate polymer, a directly joined middle layer of an emulsion polymerized and suspension polymerized vinylidene chloride and an epoxy resin.
Abstract: A multiply laminate useful as a packaging film having a first layer of a cross linked ethylene vinyl acetate polymer, a directly joined middle layer of a polymer of vinylidene chloride and a third layer directly joined to the middle layer of an ethylene/vinyl acetate polymer. Especially preferred for the middle layer are blends of emulsion polymerized and suspension polymerized vinylidene chloride and an epoxy resin.
203 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of vinyl acetate by vapor phase oxidation of ethylene-acetic acid mixtures has been studied using catalysts prepared by palladium deposition on silica or alumina supports.
102 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of vinyl acetate content on crystallinity of E/VA copolymers were investigated by x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis (DTA), and the values of these parameters obtained from DTA were found to agree quantitatively with data calculated from xray, probability equations, and copolymer theory.
Abstract: The effects of vinyl acetate content on crystallinity of ethylene–vinyl acetate (E/VA) copolymers were investigated by x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The values of these parameters obtained from DTA were found to agree quantitatively with data calculated from x-ray, probability equations, and copolymer theory. The melting points of the crystalline copolymers, and the molar amounts of vinyl acetate to produce a completely amorphous rubber corresponds exactly to that predicted by the Flory theory. The random character expected in E/VA copolymers is thereby confirmed. The physical properties of E/VA copolymers of all ranges of compositions and crystallinity were determined. Depending directly upon vinyl acetate content, the copolymers changed progressively from highly crystalline polyethylene to semicrystalline polyethylene, a completely amorphous rubber, a soft plastic with a glass transition near room temperature. Properties which were correlated with copolymer composition include: crystallinity, melting point, density, modulus, tensile strength, glass transition, and solubility. Finally, the effect on crystallinity and physical properties of replacing the acetoxy group in E/VA with the smaller, highly polar hydroxyl group (ethylene—vinyl alcohol copolymer) was also investigated.
81 citations
Patent•
27 Jan 1971TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a method for treating hair with terpolymer counter-compositions, and a procedure for making SUCH COMPOSITIONS, as well as a method to treat hair with SUCH counter-compositions.
Abstract: THIS APPLICATION DESCRIBES HAIR FIXING TERPOLYMER COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING VINYL ACETATE, CROTONIC ACID AND VINYL ESTERS OF ALPHA-BRANCHED SATURATED ALIPHATIC MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS, CONTAINING FROM 5 TO 10 CARBON ATOMS IN THE CARBOXYLIC ACID MOIETY, AND A PROCESS FOR MAKING SUCH COMPOSITIONS. IT ALSO DESCRIBES A METHOD FOR TREATING HAIR WITH SUCH COMPOSITIONS.
74 citations
Patent•
29 Dec 1971TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that at least 95% of the mined Palladium and gold are transformed into WATER INSOLUBLE NOBLE METAL COMPOUNDS.
Abstract: HIGHLY ACITIVE CATALYSTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF CATALYSTS SUITABLE FOR VINYL ESTER, E.G., VINYL ACETATE, PRODUCTION ARE PREPARED BY TREATING A CATALYST SUPPORT, SIMULTANIOUSLY OR IN EITHER SEQUENCE, WITH OR WITHOUT INTERMEDIATE DRYING, WITH: (A) A SOLUTON OF NOBLE METALS CONTAINING AT LEAST SALTS OF PALLADIUM AND GOLD, AND (B) A SOLUTION CONTAINING COMPOUNDS, E.G., GASES SUCH AS SODIUM HYDROXIDE, WHICH ARE ABLE TO REACT WITH THE NOBLE METAL SALTS OF THE SOLUTION (A) TO FORM WATER INSOLUBLE NOBLE METAL COMPOUNDS; IMPREGNATING THE CATALYST SUPPORT WITH SUCH QUANTITIES OF SOLUTIONS (A) AND (B) CORRESPONDING TO FROM 10 TO 110% OF THE ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY OF THE CATALYST SUPPORT FOR THESE SOLUTIONS; SUBJECTING THE IMPREGNATED CATALYST SUPPORT TO A TIME TEMPERATURE TREATMENT SUCH THAT AT LEAST 95% OF THE IMPREGNATED PALLADIUM AND GOLD ARE TRANSFORMED INTO WATER INSOLUBLE NOBLE METAL COMPOUNDS; REDUCING THE METAL COMPOUNDS TO THE NOBLE METAL WITH A REDUCING AGENT, E.G., ETHYLENE OR HYDRAZINE; REMOVING THE WATER-SOLUBLE COMPOUNDS WHICH ARE CONTAINED IN THE CATALYST BY WASHING BEFORE OR AFTER THE REDUCTION STEP; AND OPTIONALLY TREATING THE RESULTING CATALYST WITH AN ALKALI METAL CARBOXYLATE, E.G., ACETATE, BEFORE OR AFTER THE TREATMENT WITH THE REDUCING AGENT.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of the polymer particles produced in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate was studied on the basis of a previous theory, and the low value of the average number of radicals per particle obtained in this work, i.e. in the range 0.01 - 0.5, is explained by introducing a mechanism of a rapid escape of monomeric radicals produced by the chain-transfer reaction which occurs dominantly in the polymer particle.
Abstract: The emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate was carried out at 50°C using sodium lauryl sulfate as an emulsifier and potassium persulfate as an initiator, and the role of the polymer particles produced in this system was studied on the basis of a previous theory. The low value of the average number of radicals per particle obtained in this work, i.e. in the range 0.01 - 0.5, is explained by introducing a mechanism of a rapid escape of monomeric radicals produced by the chain-transfer reaction which occurs dominantly in the polymer particles. Semiempirical equations are proposed for the estimation for the average number of radicals per particle over the whole range of monomer conversion.
59 citations
Patent•
15 Mar 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a copolymer composition containing a predominant amount of vinyl acetate copolymized with about 1 to 20 weight percent of C7 to C20 straight chain alpha olefin and about 0.1 to 30 weight percentage of at least a third comonomer is described.
Abstract: Novel copolymer compositions containing a predominant amount of vinyl acetate copolymerized with about 1 to 20 weight percent of C7 to C20 straight chain alpha olefin and about 0.1 to 30 weight percent of at least a third comonomer are particularly useful in coating compositions, e.g., paints and adhesives.
49 citations
Patent•
21 May 1971
TL;DR: In this article, an improved version of the catalytic, VAPOR PHASE production of VINYL ACETATE from ETHYLENE, ACETIC ACID and MOLECULAR OXYGEN was shown.
Abstract: AN IMPROVED CATALYST FOR THE CATALYTIC, VAPOR PHASE PRODUCTION OF VINYL ACETATE FROM ETHYLENE, ACETIC ACID AND MOLECULAR OXYGEN SI SHOWN. A CATALYST FOR THE SYNTHESIS REACTION COMPRISING METALIC PALLADIUM AND AN ALKALI META ACETATE OR FORMATE SUPPORTED ON A CARRIER IS ACTIVATED BY INCLUDING METALLIC GOLD THEREIN. A PREFERRED CATALYST COMPOSITION WHICH SHOWS SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDES METALLIC PALLADIUM, AN ALKALI METAL ACETATE AND METALLIC GOLD. ANOTHER PREFERRED CATALYST COMPOSITION INCLUDES A LOW MELTING MIXTURE OF AT LEAST TWO ALKALI METAL ACETATES.
48 citations
TL;DR: Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of vinyl acetate (VAc) from ethylene was investigated especially in the light of the formation of palladium(II) acetate in the working state as discussed by the authors.
42 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relative reactivity ratios of vinylferrocene and styrene copolymerizations were obtained by using the curve-fitting method for the differential form of the copolymers equation, by the Fineman-Ross technique, and by computer fitting of the integrated form of copolym equations applied to higher conversion copylmerizations.
Abstract: The benzene solution homopolymerization of vinylferrocene, initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile, gave a series of benzene-soluble homopolymers. Thus, free-radical copolymerization studies were performed with styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and isoprene in benzene. With the exception of vinyl acetate and isoprene, which did not give copolymers with vinylferrocene under these conditions, smooth production of copolymers occurred. The relative reactivity ratios, r1 and r2, were obtained for vinylferrocene–styrene copolymerizations by using the curve-fitting method for the differential form of the copolymer equation, by the Fineman-Ross technique, and by computer fitting of the integrated form of the copolymer equations applied to higher conversion copolymerizations. In styrene (M2) copolymerizations, the curve-fitting and Fineman-Ross methods both gave r1 = 0.08, r2 = 2.50, while the integration method gave r1 = 0.097, r2 = 2.91. Application of the integration method to methyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (M2) gave values of r1 = 0.82, r2 = 0.63; r1 = 0.52, r2 = 1.22, respectively. The curve-fitting method gave r1 = 0.15, r2 = 0.16 for acrylonitrile (M2) copolymerizations. From styrene copolymerizations, vinylferrocene exhibited values of Q = 0.145 and e = 0.47.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the heat of solution of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinyl acetate) systems at 28°C and found that the absolute value for the blend prepared by freeze drying, which is thought to be molecularly mixed, was smaller than the blend, which shows partial phase separation.
Abstract: Heats of solution of blended and non-blended systems of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly (vinyl acetate) were measured at 28°C. From the difference between them the heat of blending was estimated according to Hess’s law. The absolute value for the blend prepared by freeze drying, which is thought to be molecularly mixed, was smaller than that for the blend, which shows partial phase separation. This unexpected result is explained by the differences of specific heat behaviour between the systems.
TL;DR: In this paper, the codimerization of styrene with vinyl compounds catalyzed by di-μ-chloro-dichlorobis(styrene)dipalladium(II), (Pd(C6H5CH=CH2)Cl2)2, was investigated in a homogeneous system under mild conditions.
Abstract: The codimerization of styrene with vinyl compounds catalyzed by di-μ-chloro-dichlorobis(styrene)dipalladium(II), (Pd(C6H5CH=CH2)Cl2)2, was investigated in a homogeneous system under mild conditions. The reaction of styrene and methyl acrylate carried out at 50°C for 6 hr yielded 220% codimers, 169% dimers of methyl acrylate, and 18% dimers of styrene, on the basis of the palladium(II) used. The codimerizations of styrene with vinyl acetate and with methyl vinyl ketone gave 50% codimer and 125% codimers respectively. When nitroethylene and n-butyl vinyl ether were used as the vinyl compound, no codimers were formed. The codimerization of styrene-d3 with ethylene was also carried out. The reaction mechanism involving the five-coordinate hydridopalladiumolefin intermediate was proposed and discussed in the terms of the distribution of deuterium in the codimer of styrene-d3 and ethylene, the functional group effects of vinyl compounds, and solvent effects on the codimerization.
Patent•
30 Jul 1971
TL;DR: A copolymer of 99 to 85 percent of maleic anhydride with from 1 to 15 mol percent of acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, styrene, or mixtures thereof is highly effective chelating agents as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Copolymer of 99 to 85 mol percent of maleic anhydride with from 1 to 15 mol percent of acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, styrene, or mixtures thereof, and hydrolyzed analogous copolymers of maleic acid or maleic salts are highly effective chelating agents. They are made by slowly combining a solution containing the acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, or styrene and a large amount of free radical initiator with a solution containing the maleic anhydride.
Patent•
24 Nov 1971TL;DR: In this article, coal-tar pitch and a material selected from (1) a terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate, and an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid, exhibiting high strength in shear and peel over a wide temperature range, are prepared and used as adhesives and coatings.
Abstract: Thermoplastic compositions of matter comprising coal-tar pitch and a material selected from (1) a terpolymer of ethylene, vinyl acetate, and an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid and (2) a mixture of copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate and of ethylene and an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid, exhibiting high strength in shear and peel over a wide temperature range, are prepared and used as adhesives and coatings. Laminated materials utilizing such compositions of matter are also disclosed.
TL;DR: In this article, an improved and generally applicable experimental method and an efficient computational procedure were described for copolymerization reactions, and the experimental method is based on quantitative gas chromatography, and permits frequent measurement of the monomer feed composition throughout (co)polymerization processes at pressures up to 40 kgf/cm2 (= 38.7 atm).
Abstract: synopsis In behalf of a detailed study on the course of copolymerization reactions, this paper describes an improved and generally applicable experimental method and an efficient computational procedure to match. The experimental method is based on quantitative gas chromatography, and permits frequent measurement of the monomer feed composition throughout (co)polymerization processes at pressures up to 40 kgf/cm2 (= 38.7 atm). The given method is applied to the study of the radical copolymerization of ethylene with vinyl acetate in a series of kinetic experiments, at 62OC and 35 kgf/cm2 (= 33.9 atm) in tert-butyl alcohol, in which 20-40q7, conversion is reached. Monomer feed composition and degree of conversion are entered into a computational procedure based on nonlinear least-sqnares methods applied to the integrated version of the copolymer equation. The experimental data, covering a region of ethylene molar feed frartions between 0.24 and 0.74 and copolymer concentrations up to 8 wt-%, are precisely consistent with the usual model. The respective reactivity ratios are Fe = 0.743 f 0.00<5 and P, = 1.515 f 0.007.
Patent•
06 Jul 1971
TL;DR: In this article, a water-insoluble Particulate Compromise with Controlled SLOW OIL-SOLUBILITY at ELEVATED TEMPERATURES is discussed.
Abstract: A WATER-INSOLUBLE PARTICULATE COMPOSITION HAVING CONTROLLED SLOW OIL-SOLUBILITY AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES IS DISCLOSED. THE COMPOSITION IS COMPRISED OF SOLID PARTICLES OF HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE OF (1) ABOUT 2 TO 15 WEIGHT PERCENT OF A POLYMER SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF POLYETHYLENE AND ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE CONTAINING ABOUT 15 TO 30 WEIGHT PERCENT VINYL ACETATE, OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH. (2) ABOUT 75 TO 90 WEIGHT PERCENT OF A PARAFFIN WAX HAVING A MELTING POINT BETWEEN ABOUT 130*F. AND 175* F., AND (3) ABOUT 1 TO 20 WEIGHT PERCENT OF A SOLUBILITY RETARDING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LONG CHAIN ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC AMIDES AND OXIDIzED HYDROCARBON WAXES MELTING AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN ABOUT 250*F, AND 325*F. ALSO DISCLOSED IS A PROCESS EMPLOYING THIS PARTICULATE COMPOSITION IN DRILLING WELLS INTO HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUBTERRANEAN FORMATIONS, AND IN FRACTURING AND TREATING SUCH FORMATIONS.
Patent•
24 Jun 1971
TL;DR: MALEIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMERS are used in ADDITIVE AMOUNTS in WATER (E.G., SEA WATER) to REDUCE MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED with the use of SUCH WATER in HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT (EG., EVAPORATORS) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: MALEIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMERS (E.G., COPOLYMERIZED WITH VINYL ACETATE) ARE USED IN ADDITIVE AMOUNTS IN WATER (E.G., SEA WATER) TO REDUCE MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF SUCH WATER IN HEAT TRANSFER EQUIPMENT (E.G., EVAPORATORS).
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that 1 H -undecafluorobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane has been lithiated with methyllithium in ether, and thence converted into a range of derivatives including 1-iodo-, 1-hydroxymethyl, 1-carboxy-and 1-aceto-undecand-undefluor-obicylobicclo (2, 2,1)-heptan-1yl)vinyl acetate.
Patent•
07 Jan 1971
TL;DR: Vinyl amine/vinyl alcohol copolymers prepared by hydrolysis of vinyl carbamate orvinyl acetate copolymer serve as effective flocculants in the clarification of aqueous suspensions of finely divided inorganic solids as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Vinyl amine/vinyl alcohol copolymers prepared by hydrolysis of vinyl carbamate/vinyl acetate copolymers serve as effective flocculants in the clarification of aqueous suspensions of finely divided inorganic solids.
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a study of grafting to pre-irradiated cellulose are presented using the monomers styrene, vinyl acetate, and 2- and 4-vinylpyridines.
Abstract: The results of a study of grafting to pre-irradiated cellulose are presented using the monomers styrene, vinyl acetate, and 2- and 4-vinylpyridines. The effect of pre-irradiation dose has been examined over the range 1-10 Mrad in air at dose rates of 0.114-1.16 Mrad/hr. Of a number of additives included in the grafting solutions, small amounts (10-23%) of acridine completely suppressed grafting, anthracene inhibited it, and the halobenzenes produced a sensitization in the reaction.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the polymerization rate data are consistent with the general concepts of Smith and Ewart, including reaction primarily inside swollen polymer particles, escape of radicals from particles, and termination of chains inside the particles.
Abstract: The emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate has generally been considered a special type of reaction that is not covered by the Smith-Ewart theory. Although the number of particles depends on coalescence rates and can not be predicted by this theory, the polymerization rate data are consistent with the general concepts of Smith and Ewart, including reaction primarily inside swollen polymer particles, escape of radicals from particles, and termination of chains inside the particles. Allowing for rapid exchange of radicals following chain transfer leads to a simple equation which fits much of the published data for cases of both very low and very high values of n, the average number of radicals per particle.
Patent•
10 Mar 1971TL;DR: It has been discovered that blenades or polymers can be applied from an AQUEOUS system to GLOSSY SURFACES and DRIED to YIELD COATED SURF FACES that have a PLEASING DEGREE of Roughness or "MATTE" and that are WATER and ABRASION RESISTANT, ANTI-BLOCKING, and ESSENTIALLY Complete-Transportable to VISible Light.
Abstract: IT HAS BEEN DISCOVERED THAT CERTAIN BLENDS OR POLYMERS CAN BE APPLIED FROM AN AQUEOUS SYSTEM TO GLOSSY SURFACES AND DRIED TO YIELD COATED SURFACES THAT HAVE A PLEASING DEGREE OF ROUGHNESS OR "MATTE" AND THAT ARE WATER AND ABRASION RESISTANT, ANTI-BLOCKING, AND ESSENTIALLY COMPLETELY TRANSPARENT TO VISIBLE LIGHT. THE COATINGS ARE APPLIED TO THE GLOSSY SURFACE IN THE FORM OF AN AQUEOUS LACQUER COMPOSITION COMPRISING (A) WATER, (B) DISSOLVED IN THE WATER, AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF AMMONIUM SALT OR A COPOLYMER OF ETHYL METHACRYLATE AND METHACRYLIC ACID, AND (C) DISPERSED IN THE FORM OF A LATEX THROUGH THE SOLUTION OF (B) IN (A), AN EFFECTIVE AMOUNT OF A HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLY(VINYL ACETATE).
Patent•
06 Oct 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an application for AQUEOUS VINYL ACETATE POLYMER and COPOLYMER EMULSIONS STABILIZED with STARCH-Bounded COLLOID forming substances, SPECIFICALLY HYDROXYETHYL STARCH, HYDR OXYPROPYLSTARCH, CARBOXYMETHYL StarCH, METHYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOSIDE, and COMBINATIONS of these.
Abstract: THIS APPLICATION CONCERNS AQUEOUS VINYL ACETATE POLYMER AND COPOLYMER EMULSIONS STABILIZED WITH STARCH BASED COLLOID FORMING SUBSTANCES, SPECIFICALLY HYDROXYETHYL STARCH, HYDROXYPROPYL STARCH, CARBOXYMETHYL STARCH, METHYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOSIDE, AND COMBINATIONS OF THESE.
Patent•
08 Mar 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a water-insoluble linear copolymer of 1.1 to 20 percent by weight for floor polishing on wood, rubber, glass, tile and linoleum surfaces, either with or without paint or varnish finishes.
Abstract: This invention relates to methods of using coating compositions, and especially to floor polishing compositions, which are particularly suitable for applying glossy finishes on wood, rubber, glass, tile and linoleum surfaces, either with or without paint or varnish finishes, and to the resulting article. These compositions adapted to be used for polishing floors, furniture, and the like, are formed of an aqueous dispersion having a pH of at least 7.0 and containing, as essential components, water, a wax, a water-insoluble linear polymer of monoethylenically unsaturated molecules, and a dispersing agent in a proportion from 0.1 to 20 percent by weight, based on the total weight of polymer and wax, any content of alkali-soluble resin being not over 50 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polymer, any alkali-soluble resin, if present, preferably being selected from the group consisting of shellac, Manila gum, Loba gum and alkali-soluble alkyds or polyesters, the improvement consisting in using for essentially the entire weight of the polymer, A. a water-insoluble linear copolymer of I. 10 to 55 percent by weight of at least one nitrile of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and II. 45 to 90 percent by weight of at least one ester of (a) acrylic acid with a saturated aliphatic alcohol having one to 18 carbon atoms or (b) methacrylic acid with n-butanol or a saturated aliphatic alcohol having five to 18 carbon atoms, THE SUM OF THE PROPORTIONS OF (I) and (II) totaling 100 percent, OR B. a water-insoluble linear copolymer of 1. 10 TO 55 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AT LEAST ONE NITRILE OF ACRYLIC OR METHACRYLIC ACID, 2. 20 TO 60 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AT LEAST ONE ESTER OF ACRYLIC OR METHACRYLIC ACID WITH A SATURATED ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL HAVING ONE TO 18 CARBON ATOMS, 3. 0 TO ABOUT 60 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AT LEAST ONE OTHER WATERINSOLUBLE MONOMER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF VINYL ACETATE, STYRENE, VINYLTOLUENE, VINYL CHLORIDE, AND VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, AND 4. A. 1/2 TO 15 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF ACRYLIC ACID, METHYACRYLIC ACID OR ITACONIC ACID IN THE FORM OF AMINE, AMMONIUM OR ALKALI-METAL SALT, OR B. 4 TO 15 PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF AT LEAST ONE MONOMER CONTAINING AN AMINE GROUP, THE SUM OF THE PROPORTIONS OF (1), (2), (3) AND (4) TOTALING 100 PERCENT, THE COMPONENTS OF THE COPOLYMER BEING SUCH THAT A FILM FORMED THEREOF HAS A KHN of about 2 to 20, and providing in the composition a weight ratio of copolymer to wax between 95:5 to 10:90.
Patent•
24 Aug 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, an improvement in a process for the production of carbon fiber from organic material consisting mainly of hydrocarbons (e.g., pitch, tars, solutions or extracts of coal) was proposed.
Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a process for the production of carbon fibre (also filaments and films) from organic material consisting mainly of hydrocarbons (e.g. pitch, tars, solutions or extracts of coal). The organic material is spun or extruded to form a fibre, oxidised to stabilise it to heat treatment and subsequently carbonised. The invention comprises employing as an additive in the organic material from 0.05 percent to 30 percent by weight of one or more polymers compatible with the organic material and thoroughly mixed therewith, provided that if the polymer is aromatic, it has a molecular weight of above 5000. Typical polymers include vinyl chloride polymers, vinyl acetate polymers, polymethacrylates, and polypropylenes.
Patent•
28 Jul 1971
TL;DR: AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS of VINYL ESTER POLYMERS HAVING a VISCOSITY INDEX of not GREATER THAN 1.8, and a procedure for making them, are PROVIDED as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS OF VINYL ESTER POLYMERS HAVING A VISCOSITY INDEX OF NOT GREATER THAN ABOUT 1.8, AND A PROCESS FOR MAKING THEM, ARE PROVIDED. FILMS CAST FROM THESE DISPERSIONS POSSES GOOD WATER RESISTANCE AND STABILITY. THE DISPERSIONS CONTIN AS A PROTECTIVE COLLOID PARTIALLY HYDROLYZED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL, DERIVED FROM POLYVINYL ACETATE, HAVING AN AVERAGE VINYL ACETATE CONTENT OF 5 TO 7 MOLE PERCENT AND CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF PPOLYVINYL ALCOHOL MOLECULES ESSENTIALLY NONE OF WHICH CONTAINS MORE THAN ABOUT 16 MOLE PERCENT VINYL ACETATE. THE POLYVINYL ALCOHOL MAY CONSIST OF A BLEND OF TWO OR MORE POLYVINYL ALCOHOLS EACH OF WHICH HAS AN EVERAGE POLYVINYL ACETATE CONTENT DIFFERENT FROM THE AVERAGE OF THE BLEND; HOWEVER, THE AVERAGE POLYVINYL ACETATE CONTENT OF ANY POLYVINYL ALCOHOL BLENDED SHOULD NOT EXCEED ABOUT 16 MOLE PERCENT.
Patent•
30 Sep 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, a graft copolymer is obtained by grafting 1-5 percent of a graft acid monomer having carboxyl groups in its molecule to the hydrolyzed copolymers of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolym.
Abstract: A coated glass article having a coated layer directly adhering to a surface of the glass article, in which the coated layer is formed by a resin selected from the group consisting of (1) a hydrolyzed copolymer of an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer; (2) a partially esterified copolymer obtained by esterifying 1-15 percent of the hydroxyl groups of the hydrolyzed copolymer with a dicarboxylic acid, or a metal salt of the copolymer; and a graft copolymer obtained by grafting 1-5 percent of a graft copolymerizable acid monomer having carboxyl groups in its molecule to the hydrolyzed copolymer (1) or the partially esterified copolymer (2), or a metal salt of the graft copolymer
Patent•
29 Dec 1971TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-layer product consisting of a synthetic resin and a protective layer made of an acrylic resin incorporated with ethylene is described. But the graft copolymer has a good weather-proof property and a beautiful appearance.
Abstract: A multi-layer product which comprises a layer made of a synthetic resin and a protective layer made of an acrylic resin incorporated with ethylene:vinyl acetate copolymervinyl chloride graft copolymer adhered thereon, the graft copolymer being prepared by graft-polymerizing vinyl chloride on ethylene:vinyl acetate copolymer containing 20 to 60 percent by weight of vinyl acetate unit (on the basis of the amount of the copolymer) at a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10 and the content of the graft copolymer being 1 to 50 percent by weight (on the basis of the amount of the protective layer). The multi-layer product has a good weather-proof property, and a beautiful appearance.