▪ Abstract Well-being is a complex construct that concerns optimal experience and functioning. Current research on well-being has been derived from two general perspectives: the hedonic approach, which focuses on happiness and defines well-being in terms of pleasure attainment and pain avoidance; and the eudaimonic approach, which focuses on meaning and self-realization and defines well-being in terms of the degree to which a person is fully functioning. These two views have given rise to different research foci and a body of knowledge that is in some areas divergent and in others complementary. New methodological developments concerning multilevel modeling and construct comparisons are also allowing researchers to formulate new questions for the field. This review considers research from both perspectives concerning the nature of well-being, its antecedents, and its stability across time and culture.

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On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(08)61690-6.pdf

Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

A doubling in global food demand projected for the next 50 years poses huge challenges for the sustainability both of food production and of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Agriculturalists are the principal managers of global useable lands and will shape, perhaps irreversibly, the surface of the Earth in the coming decades. New incentives and policies for ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services will be crucial if we are to meet the demands of improving yields without compromising environmental integrity or public health.

/pdf/agricultural-sustainability-and-intensive-production-1h98l920tu.pdf

Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices

We review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the remarkable observation of our accelerating universe. In particular we discuss the arguments for and recent progress made towards understanding the nature of dark energy. We review the observational evidence for the current accelerated expansion of the universe and present a number of dark energy models in addition to the conventional cosmological constant, paying particular attention to scalar field models such as quintessence, K-essence, tachyon, phantom and dilatonic models. The importance of cosmological scaling solutions is emphasized when studying the dynamical system of scalar fields including coupled dark energy. We study the evolution of cosmological perturbations allowing us to confront them with the observation of the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure and demonstrate how it is possible in principle to reconstruct the equation of state of dark energy by also using Supernovae Ia observational data. We also discuss in detail the nature of tracking solutions in cosmology, particle physics and braneworld models of dark energy, the nature of possible future singularities, the effect of higher order curvature terms to avoid a Big Rip singularity, and approaches to modifying gravity which leads to a late-time accelerated expansion without recourse to a new form of dark energy.

Dynamics of dark energy

Inequality reexamined / Amartya Sen

We study a class of $N=1$ supergravity inflationary models in which the evolution of the inflaton dynamics is controlled by a single power in the inflaton field at the point where the observed density fluctuations are produced, in the context of the braneworld scenario, in light of Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe results. In particular, we find that the bounds on the spectral index and its running constrain the parameter space both for models where the inflationary potential is dominated by a quadratic term and by a cubic term in the inflaton field. We also find that ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}g0$ is required for the quadratic model whereas ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}l0$ for the cubic model. Moreover, we have determined an upper bound on the five-dimensional Planck scale, ${M}_{5}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.019\mathrm{M},$ for the quadratic model. On the other hand, a running spectral index with ${n}_{s}g1$ on large scales and ${n}_{s}l1$ on small scales is not possible in either case.

WMAP and supergravity inflationary models

Models of Educational Planning and their Applications

This book addresses issues of defining and measuring the quality of life. Recent developments in the philosophical definition of well-being are discussed and linked to practical issues such as the delivery of health care, and the assessment of women's quality of life. Leading philosophers and economists have contributed to this volume to consider the problems the subject raises. This volume reflects the growing need for interdisciplinary work as economists become more sensitive to the importance of facing fundamental philosophical questions and of the importance of linking their theoretical enquiries to an understanding of complex practical problems.

The Quality of Life

This chapter discusses the conflicts and dilemmas. The assumptions of anonymity and neutrality are quite powerful conditions when imposed on a social decision function. Many actual collective decision procedures violate these conditions. Procedural matters may be decided by a simple majority vote in the United Nations General Assembly, whereas matters of substance require a two-thirds majority. Collective choice, in this case, is not neutral. It is, however, anonymous but things change if one move from the General Assembly to the Security Council, for only five particular countries has the right of the veto. The free market allocation procedures, whether under capitalism or under market socialism are definitely non-neutral, and nonanonymous.

Amartya Sen

Papers

Inequality reexamined / Amartya Sen

WMAP and supergravity inflationary models

Models of Educational Planning and their Applications

The Quality of Life

Conflicts and dilemmas