Dénes Schmera

TL;DR: A conceptual framework is proposed to evaluate the relative importance of beta diversity, nestedness and agreement in species richness in presence – absence data matrices via partitioning pairwise gamma diversity into additive components using a two-dimensional simplex diagram, or ternary plot.

TL;DR: Gower's formula and UPGMA clustering are suggested in this paper as a standard combination of techniques for calculating functional diversity (FD), and the effect of individual species on FD is best evaluated by species removals and subsequent comparisons of tree length values.

TL;DR: The hypotheses that beta diversity should increase with decreasing latitude and increase with spatial extent of a region have rarely been tested based on a comparative analysis of multiple datasets, and no such study has focused on stream insects.

TL;DR: The partitioning of β cc into two additive fractions, β -3 plus β rich, refl ects the species replacement and species loss processes across the simulated gradients in an ecologically and mathematically meaningful way, whilst the other two methods lack mathematical consistency and prove conceptually self-contradictory.

TL;DR: The empirical examples show that comparing Pβ and Fβ with the most commonly used Tβ revealed previously hidden patterns of beta diversity, and the methods presented here provide a tool for effectively disentangling the replacement and richness difference components of the different biodiversity facets within the same methodological framework.