Gabriela V. Goujgoulova

TL;DR: An updated NDV classification and nomenclature system that incorporates phylogenetic topology, genetic distances, branch support, and epidemiological independence was developed and will facilitate future studies of NDV evolution and epidemiology, and comparison of results obtained across the world.

TL;DR: The reverse spillover of live agents from domestic animals to wildlife as a result of the expansion of livestock industries employing massive amounts of live virus vaccines represent an underappreciated and poorly studied effect of human activity on wildlife.

TL;DR: This study reports the first incursion into European poultry of H5N1 highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza A (HPNAI) viruses from clade 2.3.2 that affected domestic poultry and wild birds in Romania and Bulgaria, respectively.

TL;DR: The 2016–17 epizootic was the largest in Europe by number of countries and farms affected and greatest diversity of wild birds infected and the need for global surveillance of viral changes to inform disease preparedness, detection, and control is highlighted.

TL;DR: Comparison with published ND virus (NDV) sequences suggests that this virus strain originated in South-East Asia and on introduction has circulated widely in backyard poultry in the Middle East and into Eastern Europe.