Showing papers by "Gaurav Sharma published in 2023"

A review on cancer immunotherapy

Abstract: Compared with previous standards of care (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery), cancer immunotherapy has brought significant improvements for patients in terms of survival and quality of life. Immunotherapy has now firmly established itself as a novel pillar of cancer care, from the metastatic stage to the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings in numerous cancer types. In this review article, we highlight how the history of cancer immunotherapy paved the way for discoveries that are now part of the standard of care. We also highlight the current pitfalls and limitations of cancer checkpoint immunotherapy and how novel research in the fields of personalized cancer vaccines, autoimmunity, the microbiome, the tumour microenvironment, and metabolomics is aiming to solve those challenges.

Advances in photocatalytic environmental and clean energy applications of Bismuth-rich oxy halides (BixOyXz) based heterojunctions: A review

Abstract: With the continuous improvements and advancements in traditional bismuth oxy halides, the bismuth-rich oxy halides (BixOyXz) exhibit exceptional photo catalytic performance due to their distinct and promising band gap, electrical conductivity and stability. As an emerging new type of photo catalysts, BixOyXz with more tunable optical properties and band structure, the enhanced photocatalytic potential for the degradation of pollutants, clean energy conversion, nitrogen fixation, and so on has been tested in recent times. The better properties of BixOyXz (X = Cl, Br, I) arise from the distinct atomic structure of them. The sole purpose of the current review is state-of-art advances in environmental applications of BixOyXz and various photocatalysts based on them. Strategies of various insight synthesis routes for BixOyXz and their composites/heterojunctions and tailored methods for specific applications and desired properties are also discussed. The work is focused on highlighting the inter linkage between the photo catalytic behavior of BixOyXz and their modified properties via the structural modifications and formations of suitable heterostructures. To summarize the existing challenges, bottlenecks, advances and future perspectives for new opportunities have been presented.

Tuning the Photocatalytic Performance of Ni-Zn Ferrite Catalyst Using Nd Doping for Solar Light-Driven Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

Abstract: In this paper, we describe the creation of a moderate band gap Nd-substituted Ni-Zn ferrite as a nano photo catalyst via a simple and cost-effective process of solution combustion. Nd substitution alters the crystallite size, shape, band gap, and magnetic characteristics of Ni-Zn ferrite significantly. Investigations using X-ray diffraction revealed that all samples display a pure phase. The average crystallite size was determined to be between 31.34 and 38.67 nm. On Nd doping, morphology investigations indicated that the shape of nanoparticles changed from approximately spherical to stacked grains. Band gap experiments confirmed the red shift in optical band gap on Nd doping. The synthesized catalysts Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (Nd0), Ni0.5Zn0.45Nd0.05Fe2O4 (Nd1), and Ni0.5Zn0.5Nd0.05Fe1.95O4 (Nd2) have been effectively used for the degradation of methylene blue dye under the solar light irradiation. The sample with Nd substitution on Fe sites had the highest methylene blue degradation efficiency. Nd2 photo catalyst degrades the methylene blue dye with a degradation efficiency of 98% in 90 min of solar light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity is triggered by the existence of oxygen vacancies and a mixed valence state of Ni, Fe, and Nd, as confirmed by the XPS investigation. In addition, the investigations on scavenging reveal that the hydroxyl radical is a reactive component in the degradation process. The degradation route has been investigated in relation to the many potential reactions and discovered reactive substances.

Glycerol as a precursor for hepatic de novo glutathione synthesis in human liver

Abstract: Glycerol is a substrate for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid esterification in the liver, processes which are upregulated in obesity and may contribute to excess fat accumulation. Glycine and glutamate, in addition to cysteine, are components of glutathione, the major antioxidant in the liver. In principle, glycerol could be incorporated into glutathione via the TCA cycle or 3-phosphoglycerate, but it is unknown whether glycerol contributes to hepatic de novo glutathione biosynthesis.Glycerol metabolism to hepatic metabolic products including glutathione was examined in the liver from adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery. Participants received oral [U-13C3]glycerol (50 mg/kg) prior to surgery and liver tissue (0.2-0.7g) was obtained during surgery. Glutathione, amino acids, and other water-soluble metabolites were extracted from the liver tissue and isotopomers were quantified with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Data were collected from 8 participants (2 male, 6 female; age 17.1 years [range 14-19]; BMI 47.4 kg/m2 [range 41.3-63.3]). The concentrations of free glutamate, cysteine, and glycine were similar among participants, and so were the fractions of 13C-labeled glutamate and glycine derived from [U-13C3]glycerol. The signals from all component amino acids of glutathione - glutamate, cysteine and glycine - were strong and analyzed to obtain the relative concentrations of the antioxidant in the liver. The signals from glutathione containing [13C2]glycine or [13C2]glutamate derived from the [U-13C3]glycerol drink were readily detected, and 13C-labelling patterns in the moieties were consistent with the patterns in corresponding free amino acids from the de novo glutathione synthesis pathway. The newly synthesized glutathione with [U-13C3]glycerol trended to be lower in obese adolescents with liver pathology.This is the first report of glycerol incorporation into glutathione through glycine or glutamate metabolism in human liver. This could represent a compensatory mechanism to increase glutathione in the setting of excess glycerol delivery to the liver.

Unmasking of the von Willebrand A-domain surface adhesin CglB at bacterial focal adhesions mediates myxobacterial gliding motility

Abstract: The predatory deltaproteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus uses a helically-trafficked motor at bacterial focal-adhesion (bFA) sites to power gliding motility. Using total internal reflection fluorescence and force microscopies, we identify the von Willebrand A domain-containing outer-membrane (OM) lipoprotein CglB as an essential substratum-coupling adhesin of the gliding transducer (Glt) machinery at bFAs. Biochemical and genetic analyses reveal that CglB localizes to the cell surface independently of the Glt apparatus; once there, it is recruited by the OM module of the gliding machinery, a heteroligomeric complex containing the integral OM β barrels GltA, GltB, and GltH, as well as the OM protein GltC and OM lipoprotein GltK. This Glt OM platform mediates the cell-surface accessibility and retention of CglB by the Glt apparatus. Together, these data suggest that the gliding complex promotes regulated surface exposure of CglB at bFAs, thus explaining the manner by which contractile forces exerted by inner-membrane motors are transduced across the cell envelope to the substratum.

P-792 The effect of subendometrial injection of autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) guided by hysteroscopy in recurrent implantation failure patients - A pilot study

Abstract: Does the subendometrial injection of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) guided by hysteroscopy achieve successful pregnancy outcome in recurrent implantation failure patients? In this study we observed that subendometrial injection of autologous PRP is associated with higher implantation rates in recurrent implantation failure patients. The key success factors in IVF are to have a good endometrium lining and vascularity for successful implantation. These two factors directly affect the pregnancy outcomes of IVF. Although several approaches have been attempted to address these factors including estrogen treatment, aspirin, sildenafil, vitamin E, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF), there is no efficient method described. Additionally, some cases do not show a response to the medical treatment. In those cases, specifically, in previously failed IVF patients autologous Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) injection into the sub-endometrial cavity with an ovum pick up needle has been preferred, as confirmed by literature. An open label, single center study. Total 130 women were selected for hysteroscopic instillation of PRP, all patients have previous unsuccessful IVF attempts in our clinic or were referred to our clinic. Study participants are of age 23 to 49 years. Study began in July 2020 and was completed in December 2022. 2 ml of autologous PRP was instilled in the junctional zone using a wallace needle through the hysteroscope's operating channel to inject the PRP beneath the superficial endometrium from day 6-14 of menstrual cycle. FET preparation was started from Day 2/3 of next menstrual cycle using 6 mg/daily estradiol hemihydrate (EV Active Tab CORONA Remedies). Women who received hysteroscopic instillation of PRP in the sub-endometrial junction had higher pregnancy rates (82/130 [63.07%] (P-value = <0.05). In the subsequent cycle monitored to day 15, Endometrial thickness (ET) was 7 mm or thicker in 90 of 130 patients [69.23%] (P-value = <0.05) and 6-7 mm in 8 of 130 patients [6.15%]. Endometrial thickness did not improve in 32 of 130 patients [24.61%] and remained below 6 mm. Subendometrial blood flow increased significantly in 92 of 130 patients [70.76%] (P-value = <0.05). The mean increase in ET was 1.5 to 2 mm. The instillation of PRP caused no side effects and was well tolerated by all patients. In 47 patients (36.15%) we did not achieve clinical pregnancy while 1 had a biochemical pregnancy Based on paired ‘t’ test, it is concluded that there is statistically significant improvement in ET, vascularity and successful pregnancy outcome after PRP instillation. Little is known about the best dosage and time for the instillation of PRP in endometrium. The importance of standard yet simple techniques and a highly repeatable protocol for clinical use is deciding factor which yet to finalize. It involves invasive procedure so may cause infections and anesthesia related complications. Although PRP has still not gained universal acceptance in previously failed IVF patients for a variety of reasons, emerging evidences suggests that PRP could be an effective option compared to conventional approach especially, in patients with thin endometrium, advanced maternal age and primary ovarian insufficiency. Not applicable

Phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus strain of camel origin revealed cosmopolitan cluster in India

Abstract: Rabies is the oldest most feared zoonotic disease of the world, affecting animals and human beings, responsible for approximately 55,000 deaths annually worldwide. Rabies virus (RABV) belongs to the genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae, under the order Mononegavirales. The transmission of RABV is mainly occurred through the bite of rabid animals and in 99% of cases dogs are responsible for the spread of the virus. The present study was conducted for the molecular characterization of the rabies virus from Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius). Molecular characterization of RABV based on the N gene was performed. The phylogenetic tree was constructed employing the Maximum-Likelihood (ML) method. It was concluded that the RABV strain in present study belonging to a cosmopolitan group which is genetically closer to the vaccine-adapted strains of the rabies virus, circulating in India and other parts of world.

A novel tunable metal-clad planar waveguide with 0.62PMN-0.38PT material for detection of cancer cells.

Abstract: A dynamically tunable metal clad planar waveguide having 0.62PMN-0.38PT material is simulated and optimized for detection of cancer cells. Angular interrogation of the TE0 mode of waveguide shows that critical angle increases greater than the resonance angle with increasing of cover refractive index, which limits the detection range of waveguide. To overcome this limitation, proposed waveguide applies a potential on the PMN-PT adlayer. Although a sensitivity of 105.42 degree/RIU was achieved at 70 Volts in testing the proposed waveguide, it was found that the optimal performance parameters were obtained at 60 Volts. At this voltage, the waveguide demonstrated detection range 1.3330-1.5030, a detection accuracy 2393.33, and a figure of merit 2243.59 RIU-1 , which enabled the detection of the entire range of the targeted cancer cells. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a potential of 60 Volts to achieve the best performance from the proposed waveguide. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Quantum interference of pseudospin-1 fermions

Abstract: Quantum interference is studied in a three-band model of pseudospin-one fermions in the $\alpha-\mathcal{T}_3$ lattice. We derive a general formula for magnetoconductivity that predicts a rich crossover between weak localization (WL) and weak antilocalization (WAL) in various scenarios. Recovering the known results for graphene ($\alpha=0$), we remarkably discover that WAL is notably enhanced when one deviates slightly from the graphene lattice, i.e. when $\alpha>0$, even though Berry's phase is no longer $\pi$. This is attributed to the presence of multiple Cooperon channels. Upon further increasing $\alpha$, a crossover to WL occurs that is maximal for the case of the Dice lattice ($\alpha=1$). Our work distinctly underscores the role of non-trivial band topology in the localization properties of electrons confined to the two-dimensional $\alpha-\mathcal{T}_3$ lattice.

Facile microwave-assisted synthesis of Pt single atom anchored on poly (ionic liquids) functionalized reduced graphene oxide for ultrasensitive detection of H2O2

Abstract: Theoretically, Single atoms are providing the maximum atomic efficiency and are very promising to improve the performance of the noble metal catalysts for high-active electrochemical sensors. In this work, Pt single atom anchored on surficial modified, reduced graphene oxides with poly(ionic liquids) (Pt1[email protected]) for detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was synthesized via a facile microwave-assisted method. Due to the high active sites from PILs, 1.2 wt% isolated Pt atoms were steadily loaded on the surface of [email protected] and formed Pt-S4 coordination with the modified PILs layer. Such atomical dispersion of Pt atoms and their unique coordination environment promoted electronic transfer during the electrochemical reaction. The Pt1[email protected] composite presented a detection limitation of 1.5 µM in a liner range from 2.3 to 250 µM with high sensitivity up to 725.95 µA/µM. The catalysts also showed good stability for 30 days while active and the lowest detected concentration of approximately 15 μM for H2O2 in the real commercial samples.

Recent Insights on Drug Delivery System in Hypertension: From Bench to Market

Abstract: Hypertension is a significant hazardous aspect for several diseases, like cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and brain disease. Hypertension has become the most lethal condition globally, affecting approximately 1 billion people aged around 30-79 years worldwide. In the year 2022, India was ranked 170th for men and 193rd for women for HTN diagnosis rates among 200 countries worldwide. The main risk factor for cardiac failure and stroke is hypertension. The conventional classes of antihypertensive medications currently available have some side effects. Previously, hypertension has been discussed by various researchers using conventional drug-targeting methods such as ACE inhibitors, aldosterone inhibitors, or renin inhibitors. Recently, novel drug delivery technologies utilizing nanoparticles and new pharmacological classes like ACE2 and APA inhibitors have been studied for the medication of hypertension. In this review, we have covered the epidemiology of hypertension in India, its pathophysiology, medications used in the management of hypertension using nanotechnology, and antihypertensive drugs currently available in the market that are approved and patented. Finally, we have covered how hypertension can be managed with the help of smart devices and artificial intelligence (AI) for improved therapy.

Variability among recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross bpt5204 × hpr14 for grain protein content, amylose content, grain yield and yield attributing traits in rice (oryza sativa l.)

Abstract: Rice is a staple food for vast majority of population through out world. In a study an eperiment was conducted to check the variability among the recombinant inbreed lines for the mapping population. Genetic variability, Heritability and genetic advance study for protein content, amylase content, Seed yield and its components was conducted in recombinant inbreed lines ( in F9 generation) of Oryza sativa indica L. at the K-block, UAS, Bengaluru, India. Genetic Variance was less than enviormental variance for all the traits. High broad sence heritability and genetic gain were recorded for grain protein content, amylase content, grain yield and yield attributing traits. These results suggest that there is sufficient genetic variability for all the traits studied in the recombinant inbreed lines, Suggesting suitability of the population for mapping.

Short term evaluation of cases of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadrupled semitendinosus graft

Abstract: Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly reconstructed ligament of the knee. An injury to the ACL can result in signicant functional impairment. The aim of the Aim: present study is to evaluate results of Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction using Quadrupled Semitendinosis tendon graft in terms of post-operative level of activity, pain relief and stability of knee joint, to evaluate level of activity before and after the reconstruction surgery and to compare with published report of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon graft. In the present study, according to the L Result: ysholm scoring system, the functional outcome was 90% excellent results and 10% good results. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction wit Conclusion: h the quadrupled semitendinosus tendon provides good subjective, functional and stability results in the patients. Post operative rehabilitation is the key to success.

W-Net Plus: Dnn For Spatial Saliency Prediction In Videos

Abstract: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been employed recently to identify saliency in images and videos. Different models have been suggested to predict spatiotemporal as well as temporal and spatial saliency. In this study, a model called W-net Plus is proposed for predicting spatial saliency in videos. The newly proposed model not only translates information from the encoder to the decoder but also from the decoder to the encoder, and it is inspired by U -net architecture. The proposed model has been evaluated by the author(s) on various data sets, and they have obtained noteworthy findings for the F - Max, structural similarity (S-measure), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) measurement parameters, demonstrating its effectiveness and survivability. No stage of the training involves the utilization of transfer learning in the work.

Preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical study of the stem bark of Berberis Aristata DC

Abstract: Introduction: Berberis aristata DC. (Daruharidra) is the shrub of 8 feet in height. The root is woody thick and the bark is thin and brittle. B. aristata DC. have simple leaf arrangement. Flowers are numerous with racemose inflorescence. Fruits are small berry. Ethnobotanically, the plant is used in hepatic-related diseases, especially in jaundice, enlargement of the spleen and as an emmenagog. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts showed anti-inflammatory activity. Berries are used as laxative and antiscorbutics. Aim: The following study is based on the pharmacognostical and phytochemical study of B. aristata DC. Subjects and Methods: B. aristata DC. were collected from natural habitat and authenticated properly. TS, LS section of B. aristata DC. and powder microscopy of it were studied. The extractive values, pH values, moisture contents, and ash values were calculated. Rf value of the sample drug was also calculated. Results: The bark of B. aristata DC. is yellowish brown. The pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and thin layer chromatography of the drug sample were done, and values were evaluated. Conclusion: From the pharmacognostical study of the stem bark of B. aristata DC., there is cork which is thin-walled brown cells. Presences of starch grain, yellow coloring matter, trichomes in elongated cells, 'V-shaped vascular bundles are the diagnostic characteristics of B. aristata DC. Dragendorff's test positive signifies the presence of alkaloids in B. aristata DC. extract.