Giuseppe Paolisso

TL;DR: Caloric restriction seems to be the best positive modulator of metabolism to achieve longevity, and other specific metabolic adaptations, even those genetically induced, might also play a role in the health of centenarians.

TL;DR: In some individuals, a single amino acid substitution in the intestinal fatty acid binding protein could result, in increased rates of intestinal absorption of dietary NEFA and thereby contribute to increased lipid-oxidation rates and insulin resistance.

Abstract: In obesity, several epigenetic modifications, including histones remodeling, DNA methylation, and microRNAs could accumulate and determine increased expression of inflammatory molecules, the adipokines, that in turn might induce or accelerate the onset and development of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. In order to better clarify the potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying the modulation of inflammatory response by adipokines, the DNA methylation profile in peripheral leukocytes of the promoter region of IL-6 and NF-kB genes and plasma miRNA-21 levels were evaluated in 356 healthy subjects, using quantitative pyrosequencing-based analysis, and correlated with plasma adiponectin levels, body fat content and the primary pro-inflammatory markers. In addition, correlation analysis of DNA methylation profiles and miRNA-21 plasma levels with intima-media thickness , a surrogate marker for early atherosclerosis, left ventricular mass , left ventricular ejection fraction, and cardiac performance index, was also performed to evaluate any potential clinical implication in terms of cardiovascular outcome. Results achieved, confirmed the role of epigenetics in the obesity related cardiovascular complications and firstly supported the potential role of plasma miRNA-21 and IL-6 and NF-kB DNA methylation changes in nucleated blood cells as potential biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular risk in obesity. Furthermore, our results, showing a role of adiponectin in preventing epigenetic modification induced by increased adipose tissue content in obese subjects, provide new evidence of an additional mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory properties and the cardiovascular benefits of adiponectin. The exact mechanisms underlying the obesity related epigenetic modifications found in the blood cells and whether similar epigenetic changes reflect adipose and myocardial tissue modifications need to be further investigated in future experiments.

TL;DR: Evidence is found that optimal Covid-19 infection management with tocilizumab is not achieved during hyperglycemia both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

TL;DR: In Type-2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, repeated glucagon injections, even when administered in a short (4 h) period of time, do not exhaust the B-cell, and the hyperglycemic response to glucagon is significantly abolished, particularly at high blood glucose levels.