https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(06)68880-6.pdf

Mild cognitive impairment

This article attempts to bring together basic and complex information which has been gathered on cellulose structure, principally that of native cellulose, over the last few decades. Even though advances have been made in the field of crystallography, powder crystallography cannot yield a definitive cellulose structure and single crystal diffraction is not possible due to the lack of suitable crystals. Knowledge obtained on the biosynthesis of native cellulose and on the polymorphy of cellulose and its derivatives help our understanding of ultrastructure. Many inconsistencies between early crystallographic studies of native cellulose have been clarified by the discovery that two polymorphs (α and β) of cellulose I exist. Models of the possible ultrastructural arrangements within native cellulose have been put forward over the decades; with advancement in technology, computer simulations of small and large systems are being created to test the viability of these ultrastructural models. It is hoped that this review will aid in the understanding of the complexity and uncertainties that still exist in this subject

Cellulose: the structure slowly unravels

Summary Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is needed to initiate symptomatic treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and will be of even greater significance if drugs aimed at slowing down the degenerative process, such as vaccination regimes and β-secretase and γ-secretase inhibitors, prove to affect AD pathology and to have clinical effect. However, there is no clinical method to determine in which patients mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to AD with dementia, and in which patients MCI is benign. Hence, there is a great clinical need for biomarkers to identify incipient AD in patients with MCI. The CSF biomarkers total tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein, and the 42 amino-acid residue form of amyloid-β may, if put in the right clinical context, prove to have high enough diagnostic accuracy to meet this challenge.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474-4422(03)00530-1.pdf

CSF markers for incipient Alzheimer's disease

Chromatographic separation, identification, and analysis of phosphatides

Activation by Adenosine Triphosphate in the Phosphorylation Kinetics of Sodium and Potassium Ion Transport Adenosine Triphosphatase

We have developed a wireless LAN PC card for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz dual-band operation using printed planar antennas, and evaluated its throughput performance. The planar antennas, which combine an inverted-F antenna with an inverted-L antenna, can realize a dual-band at low cost in a limited integrated area on the PC card. The radio propagation performance was evaluated in a shielded room which is modeled after an office. In the 2.4 GHz band, operation is stable and independent of the deployed position and the direction of a laptop PC with the PC card. On the other hand, in the 5 GHz band, although the performance is affected by surrounding objects and antenna directivity, the PC card with the printed antennas can realize as high a throughput as one with external omnidirectional antennas.

Development of a PC card using planar antennas for wireless LAN on 2.4/5 GHz bands

Emphysematous pancreatitis (air in the parenchyma) was previously considered an indication for surgery, but some recent studies have reported good clinical outcomes with non-operative management. As a step toward establishing a better treatment strategy, we report a case of fulminant pancreatitis with massive hemorrhage into the emphysematous space. A 75-year-old man was admitted with worsening abdominal pain with obstructive jaundice and renal failure 28 h after the onset. He was diagnosed as having emphysematous pancreatitis with slight pancreatic necrosis. Despite conservative treatment with intensive care, sudden cardiac and respiratory failure occurred, and he died 53 h after onset. The autopsy findings revealed biliary sludge and massive bleeding in the retroperitoneal space around the pancreas, suggesting that temporary obstruction of the bile duct with sludge induced emphysema and the hemorrhage rapidly spread into the broadened emphysematous space. Whereas conservative management has been thought to be appropriate in selected cases of emphysematous pancreatitis, when there is pancreatic emphysema in the early phase, a fulminant course tends to develop. Since there is a risk of massive bleeding into the emphysematous space, endoscopic or invasive drainage performed to collapse the emphysematous space could benefit the outcome.

Fulminant type of emphysematous pancreatitis has risk of massive hemorrhage

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized radio transmitter/receiver of light weight, where components of a transmission section and a reception section of the transmitter-receiver are used in common. SOLUTION: The radio transmitter/receiver is provided with a digital signal processing section (100) that processes a base band transmission signal and a reception signal, a frequency synthesizer (9) that outputs transmission and reception local oscillation signals, an quadrature modem (4) that outputs a high frequency transmission signal on the basis of the base band transmission signal and the transmission local oscillation signal and outputs the base-band reception signal, on the basis of the received high-frequency reception signal and the reception local signal, and a transmission reception common use variable gain amplifier (3), that amplifies the high-frequency transmission signal outputted from the quadrature modem, supplies the amplified signal to a high frequency transmission signal output terminal, amplified the high-frequency reception signal obtained from a high-frequency reception signal input terminal and supplies the amplified signal to the quadrature modem.

Radio transmitter/receiver

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the size and price by promoting shared use of components in a wireless communication device capable of supporting a plurality of wireless systems. SOLUTION: A first RF reception signal of a frequency of f RF1 corresponding to a first wireless system and a second RF reception signal of a frequency f RF2 corresponding to a second wireless system are converted to an IF signal of the same frequency of f IF by means of a local signal of the intermediate frequency of f LO11 =(f RF1 +f RF2 )/2 of the respective frequencies. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Radio communication device capable of supporting plurality of wireless systems

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a radio-receiving device which receives signals transmitted from a plurality of transmitting antennas and enables high precision AGC and appropriate A/D conversion. SOLUTION: A radio transmission device transmits signals, using a plurality of subcarriers which are arranged in an OFDM signal band and mutually intersect at right angles. The device transmits a plurality of PLCP signals, using a plurality of transmitting antennas Tx1 to Tx4, and they each contain short preamble trains 1A to 1D assigned with a plurality of different subcarrier groups that are selected from among a plurality of subcarriers in the OFDM signal band, long preamble trains 2A to 2D, first signal fields 3A to 3D, and second signal fields 4A to 4D. After transmitting the LCP signals, the device transmits data signals 5, using the antennas Tx1 to Tx4. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Hiroshi Yoshida

Papers

Development of a PC card using planar antennas for wireless LAN on 2.4/5 GHz bands

Fulminant type of emphysematous pancreatitis has risk of massive hemorrhage

Radio transmitter/receiver

Radio communication device capable of supporting plurality of wireless systems

Devices and methods for radio transmission and reception, and radio communications system