https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(06)68880-6.pdf

Mild cognitive impairment

This article attempts to bring together basic and complex information which has been gathered on cellulose structure, principally that of native cellulose, over the last few decades. Even though advances have been made in the field of crystallography, powder crystallography cannot yield a definitive cellulose structure and single crystal diffraction is not possible due to the lack of suitable crystals. Knowledge obtained on the biosynthesis of native cellulose and on the polymorphy of cellulose and its derivatives help our understanding of ultrastructure. Many inconsistencies between early crystallographic studies of native cellulose have been clarified by the discovery that two polymorphs (α and β) of cellulose I exist. Models of the possible ultrastructural arrangements within native cellulose have been put forward over the decades; with advancement in technology, computer simulations of small and large systems are being created to test the viability of these ultrastructural models. It is hoped that this review will aid in the understanding of the complexity and uncertainties that still exist in this subject

Cellulose: the structure slowly unravels

Summary Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is needed to initiate symptomatic treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and will be of even greater significance if drugs aimed at slowing down the degenerative process, such as vaccination regimes and β-secretase and γ-secretase inhibitors, prove to affect AD pathology and to have clinical effect. However, there is no clinical method to determine in which patients mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to AD with dementia, and in which patients MCI is benign. Hence, there is a great clinical need for biomarkers to identify incipient AD in patients with MCI. The CSF biomarkers total tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein, and the 42 amino-acid residue form of amyloid-β may, if put in the right clinical context, prove to have high enough diagnostic accuracy to meet this challenge.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474-4422(03)00530-1.pdf

CSF markers for incipient Alzheimer's disease

Chromatographic separation, identification, and analysis of phosphatides

Activation by Adenosine Triphosphate in the Phosphorylation Kinetics of Sodium and Potassium Ion Transport Adenosine Triphosphatase

Effects of several drugs on vertical and horizontal movement activities in mice.

This paper presents a single-chip RF tuner/OFDM demodulator for a mobile digital TV application called “1-segment broadcasting.” To achieve required performances for the single-chip receiver, a tunable technique for a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and spurious suppression techniques are proposed in this paper. Firstly, to receive all channels from 470MHz to 770MHz and to relax distortion characteristics of following circuit blocks such as an RF variable-gain amplifier and a mixer, a tunable technique for the LNA is proposed. Then, to improve the sensitivity, spurious signal suppression techniques are also proposed. The single-chip receiver using the proposed techniques is fabricated in 90nm CMOS technology and total die size is 3.26mm × 3.26mm. Using the tunable LNA and suppressing undesired spurious signals, the sensitivities of less than -98.6dBm are achieved for all the channels.

A Single-Chip RF Tuner/OFDM Demodulator for Mobile Digital TV Application

There is evidence that ATPase plays a contributory role in providing energy for the active transport of cations across the cellular membranes of kidney (C harnoc k, and Post, 1963, K insol v in g, et al., 1963), brain (S k o u, 1960) and muscle (S c h w art z, and Laester, 1964). S k o u (1960) and Post et al. (1960) discussed in detail the relationship of the cation transport and Na-K-ATPase (EC 3, 6, 1, 3) which was activated by sodium in the presence of magnesium and potassium and inhibited by certain cardiac glycosides. Generally, W a c h s t e i n-M e i s e l's (1957) method for histochemistry has been used by many workers for the electron microscopic demonstration of ATPase (R o s t g a a r e, and B e h n e k, 1965, Peter, and Nakao, 1966). However, addition of sodium, potassium and calcium or ouabain to media used in conventional methods does not influence enzyme activity (B o n t i n g, et al., 1962, No v i k of f et al., 1961). In order to clarify the mechanism of cation and water transport in the subcellular level of kidney, it is necessary to clearly demonstrate the fine structural localization of Na-K-ATPase activity by histochemical method. We have attempted to study the localization of Na-K-A TPase and K-dependent neutral phosphatase which may have a correlation with Na-K-ATPase, by approximate assay system used in the biochemical study of enzymes. In this study, histochemical and

Histochemical method for demonstrating Na-K-ATPase and K-phosphatase at the fine structural level.

PURPOSE: To make it possible to easily execute the detection, identification and quantitative determination of the electric field responsive impurities included in a liquid crystal element by detecting the impurities included in the liquid crystal element with high sensibility in accordance with the inclination of the electric field response curves within the time of the respective pulse widths in the state of impressing pulse electric fields varying in polarities from each other on the liquid crystal element CONSTITUTION: The pulse signals generated by a pulse generator 1 are applied to a liquid crystal cell 10 This liquid crystal cell 10 is irradiated with the IR light from a light source 2 through a polarizer 3 The IR light transmitted through the cell is converted to an electric signal by an IR detecting means 4 and this signal is detected The electric signal is amplified and is inputted to a digital sampling oscilloscope 7 by which the signal is time analyzed and integrated The entire part of the evaluating device is controlled by a computer 8 The electric field response curves corresponding to the changes in the intensity of the transmitted light with lapse of time are respectively determined for the cases the pulse electric fields varying in the polarities from each other are impressed The inclinations of the electric field response curves within the time of the respective pulse widths are analyzed

Method and device for evaluating liquid crystal element

This paper discusses the effects of temperature on the electrical breakdown voltage when water trees are present, as well as the characteristics of XLPE containing only microvoids filled with water. Research indicates that there are two regions in which the effects of temperature may be seen in the presence of water trees, one being the range from 20 °C to 60 °C, and the other from 60 °C to 90 °C. In the lower range, the breakdown voltage remains nearly constant at any range, but the value itself is relatively low compared with the breakdown voltage of XLPE which contains only microvoids. In the higher range, 60 °C – 90 °C, the breakdown voltage increases as temperature rises. This is interesting in view of the fact that the breakdown stress in the original XLPE decreases as temperature increases.

Hiroshi Yoshida

Papers

Effects of several drugs on vertical and horizontal movement activities in mice.

A Single-Chip RF Tuner/OFDM Demodulator for Mobile Digital TV Application

Histochemical method for demonstrating Na-K-ATPase and K-phosphatase at the fine structural level.

Method and device for evaluating liquid crystal element

The effect of temperature on the electrical breakdown voltage of XLPE in the presence of water trees