https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(06)68880-6.pdf

Mild cognitive impairment

This article attempts to bring together basic and complex information which has been gathered on cellulose structure, principally that of native cellulose, over the last few decades. Even though advances have been made in the field of crystallography, powder crystallography cannot yield a definitive cellulose structure and single crystal diffraction is not possible due to the lack of suitable crystals. Knowledge obtained on the biosynthesis of native cellulose and on the polymorphy of cellulose and its derivatives help our understanding of ultrastructure. Many inconsistencies between early crystallographic studies of native cellulose have been clarified by the discovery that two polymorphs (α and β) of cellulose I exist. Models of the possible ultrastructural arrangements within native cellulose have been put forward over the decades; with advancement in technology, computer simulations of small and large systems are being created to test the viability of these ultrastructural models. It is hoped that this review will aid in the understanding of the complexity and uncertainties that still exist in this subject

Cellulose: the structure slowly unravels

Summary Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is needed to initiate symptomatic treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and will be of even greater significance if drugs aimed at slowing down the degenerative process, such as vaccination regimes and β-secretase and γ-secretase inhibitors, prove to affect AD pathology and to have clinical effect. However, there is no clinical method to determine in which patients mild cognitive impairment (MCI) will progress to AD with dementia, and in which patients MCI is benign. Hence, there is a great clinical need for biomarkers to identify incipient AD in patients with MCI. The CSF biomarkers total tau protein, phosphorylated tau protein, and the 42 amino-acid residue form of amyloid-β may, if put in the right clinical context, prove to have high enough diagnostic accuracy to meet this challenge.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474-4422(03)00530-1.pdf

CSF markers for incipient Alzheimer's disease

Chromatographic separation, identification, and analysis of phosphatides

Activation by Adenosine Triphosphate in the Phosphorylation Kinetics of Sodium and Potassium Ion Transport Adenosine Triphosphatase

近年の科学技術は大きな加速度をもって発展して おり,2045 年にはシンギュラリティ を迎え ると言われている.特に複雑系のサイエンス,デー タサイエンス,情報工学,生物工学,光・量子工学 (2) の進歩はすさまじい.しかし,一方で,政治や経営 判断で科学技術の情報を用いずに決定が行われる場 合も散見される(ポストトゥルースの時代 ). 米国前大統領の決定や,我が国での感染症下でのイ ベント開催判断など,皆様の記憶にも新しいだろ う.このようなちぐはぐな感じのある社会で,私た ちは研究・開発,製品化に携わっており,何を目指 して科学技術を進めればよいのか判断に迷ってしま う.加えて日本では,「失われた 30 年」と言われ るように,バブル崩壊後の経済低迷は御存じのとお りであり,技術者や技能者の活躍の場に不安を感じ る.更に,少子高齢化が世界に先駆けて進行してお り,このままでは,2030 年にはゼロ成長時代 (4) に 入っていき,若手の技術者が減少することは間違い ない. なぜ,水中無線の話でこのような書き出しとなっ たかというと,水中の技術に挑戦すること,すなわ ち水中に関わる産業に貢献しようと決めたのであれ ば,失われた 30 年の間と同じ行動をしては何も起 こらない,と筆者が感じているからである.既出の 「失われた 30 年」関連の書物では,構造転換がなさ れなかったことや,金融政策の失敗などが挙げられ ている (5) が,どうすればよいのかが描けていない. 山岡の著作 (6) では,日本人的なところを見直した らよいという提案がなされている.日本人論は賛否 両論あるものの ,日本で育ち,教育を受けた私た ちには一定の思考・行動傾向があるようには思え る.泉 (8) によれば,失われた 30 年は,既に 1960 年にウィリアム・ベルによって予言されていた情報 社会の到来を,日本では誰も気に止めなかったため だ.一方,米国は製造業から情報サービス業に転換 し,今の「GAFAM」が出来上がったが,日本は (ハードウェアを中心とした)製造業に注力し,新 たな産業分野に余り力を入れなかったために,日本 全体の成長が低迷したわけである.図 1 のグラフ を見る限り,データをきちんと分析していれば,い つの時点でも,日本は構造転換ができたわけだが, データ分析能力にたけていても,社会学と技術を結 び付けたデータを,作らない・見ない・見ても行動 しない,わけである.泉先生の言を借りれば,「失 われた 30 年」ではなく,「何もしなかった 30 年」 なのだ. さて,斜陽する海洋産業において,いまだ新たな 海洋産業は生まれてきていない.もちろん,洋上風 力発電・海底資源をはじめ,自動運航船などには, 国と民間企業が一体となって取り組んでいる最中で ある.しかし,これらを主体的に実施しているのは 大企業とその出資元である.つまり,欧米に比較す ると動きはどうしても重くなってしまっている.と

/pdf/recent-trend-and-future-perspective-of-underwater-wireless-1jkyirql.pdf

Recent Trend and Future Perspective of Underwater Wireless Technology

A 3.2mA-RX 3.5mA-TX Fully Integrated SoC for Bluetooth Low Energy System

A 5 GHz MIMO direct-conversion transceiver composed of 2 transmitters (TXs) and 3 receivers (RXs) is fabricated with 0.13 mum CMOS technology. Die size is 4.56 mm times 7.7 mm. For driving 10 GHz LO signal lines of 5 mm length for both TXs and RXs, inductor-less low-power LO repeaters are equipped in individual LO paths. A linearized RF variable gain amplifier is proposed for low power operation. Isolation of over 40 dB is obtained by equipping separate GNDs on both the MIMO IC and the circuit board. This results in negligible degradation of EVM. TX EVM of over -31 dB is obtained at -8.6 dBm for 2 TX mode when external LO of 10 GHz is applied. The 3 RXs and 2 TXs with LO paths dissipate 703 mW and 412 mW from 1.5 V, respectively.

A 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS 5GHz Fully Integrated 2x3 MIMO Transceiver IC with over 40dB Isolation

During the pandemic, health and safety concerns kept people indoors and increased the demand for same-day delivery. This put a huge stress on the e-commerce industry. Adoption of warehouse automation skyrocketed, leading to an increased emphasis on efficiency. In warehouses where large industrial robots like forklifts are deployed, efficiency and safety, both are important. Conventional methods like Reeds-Shepp (RS) that consider the motion model are often sub-optimal as they do not consider obstacles, while those that are optimal like Dijkstra and A* are difficult to implement due to kinematic constraints. This paper proposes a hierarchical structure consisting of an A*-based global planner which goes through a pre-processing step. The local planner then generates a Reeds-Shepp curve to a waypoint chosen using a ”cost” parameter.

Safe, efficient waypoint manipulation for path planning of non-holonomic robots

Intravascular surgery, such as coil embolization and stent placement, has been widely performed for treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Doctors must be skillful and sufficiently experienced to successfully manipulate and insert a guidewire and a catheter into the aneurysm via carotid and cerebral artery. Though blood vessel model is useful for training of the doctors in the field of the intravascular surgery, evaluation of doctor’s skill and efficacy of training is insufficient. In this study, an ultrasound sensor was fabricated and equipped in the cerebral blood vessel model to measure the displacement of the vessel wall that is contacted and pushed by a guidewire or a catheter. It is confirmed that the fabricated ultrasound sensor could measure the displacement of blood vessel wall by the inserted catheter.

Hiroshi Yoshida

Papers

Recent Trend and Future Perspective of Underwater Wireless Technology

A 3.2mA-RX 3.5mA-TX Fully Integrated SoC for Bluetooth Low Energy System

A 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS 5GHz Fully Integrated 2x3 MIMO Transceiver IC with over 40dB Isolation

Safe, efficient waypoint manipulation for path planning of non-holonomic robots

Blood vessel model equipped with ultrasound sensors for evaluation of intravascular treatment