James G. Burkhart

TL;DR: The mouse sperm morphology test has potential use for identifying chemicals that induce spermatogenic dysfunction and perhaps heritable mutations, and is found to be highly sensitive to germ-cell mutagens.

TL;DR: There is strong evidence that human sperm tests can be used to identify chemicals that affect sperm production, but because of the limited understanding of underlying mechanisms, the extent to which they can detect mutagens, carcinogens or agents that affect fertility remains uncertain.

TL;DR: Clustering of malformation type suggests that developmental events may produce a variety of phenotypes depending on the timing, sequence, and severity of the environmental insult.

TL;DR: These studies suggest that water in the affected sites contains one or more unknown agents that induce developmental abnormalities in Xenopus, and these same factors may contribute to the increased incidence of malformation in native species.

TL;DR: An open workshop on Strategies for Assessing the Implications of Malformed Frogs for Environmental Health was convened on 4-5 December 1997 and highlighted possible causes and recent findings directly related to frog deformities.