James M. McKim

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals, which is a major concern for the current state of the art.

TL;DR: A focus on data quality, combined with increased attention to the scientific background of a test method, will be important drivers in the test development process, and quantitative information on all factors and key events will be fed into systems biology models that allow a probabilistic risk assessment with flexible adaptation to exposure scenarios and individual risk factors.

TL;DR: The method described here demonstrates a valuable in vitro method for identifying chemicals and metals that induce skin sensitization and the large variation in LLNA data for compounds in the same potency category makes direct extrapolation from PTI to LLNA difficult.

TL;DR: There has not been a comprehensive review of the CGN in vitro literature, which has reported a wide range of biochemical effects related to this compound, so an extensive effort has been made to evaluate as much of this literature as possible.

TL;DR: This study identifies a clear unifying trigger that controls both the Nrf2/ARE pathway and essential biochemical events required for the development of ACD and demonstrates that by utilizing human reconstructed skin models, it is possible to evaluate non-polar extracts from medical devices and low solubility finished products.