Joseph T. Brozinick

TL;DR: It is concluded that FGF-21, which was discovered to be a potent regulator of glucose uptake in mouse 3T3-L1 and primary human adipocytes, exhibits the therapeutic characteristics necessary for an effective treatment of diabetes.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the sphingolipid ceramide is a common molecular intermediate linking several different pathological metabolic stresses to the induction of insulin resistance, and enzymes required for ceramide synthesis are identified as therapeutic targets for combating insulin resistance caused by nutrient excess or glucocorticoid therapy.

TL;DR: Data indicate that AMPK transmits a portion of the signal by which muscle contraction increases glucose uptake, but other AMPK-independent pathways also contribute to the response.

TL;DR: Observations suggest a unifying mechanism of action for the beneficial systemic effects exerted by adiponectin, with sphingolipid metabolism as its core upstream signaling component.

TL;DR: It is shown that FGF21 rapidly and robustly stimulates adiponectin secretion in rodents while diminishing accumulation of ceramides in obese animals, and that F GF21 critically depends on adip onectin to exert its glycemic and insulin sensitizing effects.