Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models
Dorothy Koch,Dorothy Koch,Michael Schulz,Stefan Kinne,Cameron S. McNaughton,J. R. Spackman,Yves Balkanski,Susanne E. Bauer,Susanne E. Bauer,Terje Koren Berntsen,Tami C. Bond,Olivier Boucher,Mian Chin,Antony D. Clarke,N. De Luca,Frank Dentener,Thomas Diehl,Oleg Dubovik,Richard C. Easter,David W. Fahey,Johann Feichter,D. Fillmore,Steffen Freitag,Steven J. Ghan,Paul Ginoux,Sunling Gong,Larry W. Horowitz,Trond Iversen,Trond Iversen,Alf Kirkevåg,Zbigniew Klimont,Yutaka Kondo,Maarten Krol,Xiaohong Liu,Xiaohong Liu,Ron L. Miller,V. Montanaro,Nobuhiro Moteki,Gunnar Myhre,Joyce E. Penner,Judith Perlwitz,Judith Perlwitz,Giovanni Pitari,S. Reddy,Lokesh K. Sahu,H. Sakamoto,Gregory L. Schuster,Joshua P. Schwarz,Øyvind Seland,Philip Stier,Nobuyuki Takegawa,Toshihiko Takemura,C. Textor,J. van Aardenne,Yongjing Zhao +54 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors evaluate black carbon (BC) model predictions from the AeroCom model intercomparison project by considering the diversity among year 2000 model simulations and comparing model predictions with available measurements.Abstract:
. We evaluate black carbon (BC) model predictions from the AeroCom model intercomparison project by considering the diversity among year 2000 model simulations and comparing model predictions with available measurements. These model-measurement intercomparisons include BC surface and aircraft concentrations, aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) retrievals from AERONET and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and BC column estimations based on AERONET. In regions other than Asia, most models are biased high compared to surface concentration measurements. However compared with (column) AAOD or BC burden retreivals, the models are generally biased low. The average ratio of model to retrieved AAOD is less than 0.7 in South American and 0.6 in African biomass burning regions; both of these regions lack surface concentration measurements. In Asia the average model to observed ratio is 0.7 for AAOD and 0.5 for BC surface concentrations. Compared with aircraft measurements over the Americas at latitudes between 0 and 50N, the average model is a factor of 8 larger than observed, and most models exceed the measured BC standard deviation in the mid to upper troposphere. At higher latitudes the average model to aircraft BC ratio is 0.4 and models underestimate the observed BC loading in the lower and middle troposphere associated with springtime Arctic haze. Low model bias for AAOD but overestimation of surface and upper atmospheric BC concentrations at lower latitudes suggests that most models are underestimating BC absorption and should improve estimates for refractive index, particle size, and optical effects of BC coating. Retrieval uncertainties and/or differences with model diagnostic treatment may also contribute to the model-measurement disparity. Largest AeroCom model diversity occurred in northern Eurasia and the remote Arctic, regions influenced by anthropogenic sources. Changing emissions, aging, removal, or optical properties within a single model generated a smaller change in model predictions than the range represented by the full set of AeroCom models. Upper tropospheric concentrations of BC mass from the aircraft measurements are suggested to provide a unique new benchmark to test scavenging and vertical dispersion of BC in global models.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Tami C. Bond,Sarah J. Doherty,David W. Fahey,Piers M. Forster,Terje Koren Berntsen,Benjamin DeAngelo,Mark Flanner,Steven J. Ghan,Bernd Kärcher,Dorothy Koch,Stefan Kinne,Yutaka Kondo,Patricia K. Quinn,Marcus C. Sarofim,Martin G. Schultz,Michael Schulz,Chandra Venkataraman,Hua Zhang,Shiqiu Zhang,Nicolas Bellouin,Sarath K. Guttikunda,Philip K. Hopke,Mark Z. Jacobson,Johannes W. Kaiser,Zbigniew Klimont,Ulrike Lohmann,Joshua P. Schwarz,Drew Shindell,Trude Storelvmo,Stephen G. Warren,Charles S. Zender +30 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided an assessment of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds; and deposition on snow and ice.
Book ChapterDOI
Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing
TL;DR: Myhre et al. as discussed by the authors presented the contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2013: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative forcing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I
Nicolás Huneeus,Michael Schulz,Yves Balkanski,Jan Griesfeller,Joseph M. Prospero,Stefan Kinne,Susanne E. Bauer,Susanne E. Bauer,Olivier Boucher,Olivier Boucher,Mian Chin,F. J. Dentener,Thomas Diehl,Thomas Diehl,Richard C. Easter,D. Fillmore,Steven J. Ghan,Paul Ginoux,Alf Grini,Larry W. Horowitz,Dorothy Koch,Dorothy Koch,Dorothy Koch,Maarten Krol,Maarten Krol,William M. Landing,Xiaohong Liu,Xiaohong Liu,Natalie M. Mahowald,Ron L. Miller,Ron L. Miller,Jean-Jacques Morcrette,Gunnar Myhre,Joyce E. Penner,J. Perlwitz,J. Perlwitz,Philip Stier,Toshihiko Takemura,Charles S. Zender +38 more
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a broad intercomparison of a total of 15 global aerosol models within the AeroCom project are compared to observations related to desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and their impact on the biogeochemical cycle, i.e., aerosol optical depth and dust deposition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiative forcing of the direct aerosol effect from AeroCom Phase II simulations
Gunnar Myhre,Bjørn Hallvard Samset,Michael Schulz,Yves Balkanski,Susanne E. Bauer,Terje Koren Berntsen,Huisheng Bian,Nicolas Bellouin,Nicolas Bellouin,Mian Chin,Thomas Diehl,Thomas Diehl,Richard C. Easter,Johann Feichter,Steven J. Ghan,Didier Hauglustaine,Trond Iversen,Trond Iversen,Stefan Kinne,Alf Kirkevåg,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Guangxing Lin,Xiaohong Liu,Marianne Tronstad Lund,Gan Luo,Xiaoyan Ma,T. P. C. van Noije,Joyce E. Penner,Philip J. Rasch,A. Ruiz,A. Ruiz,Øyvind Seland,Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie,Philip Stier,Toshihiko Takemura,Kostas Tsigaridis,Ping Wang,Zhili Wang,Li Xu,Li Xu,Hongbin Yu,Fangqun Yu,Jin-Ho Yoon,Kai Zhang,Kai Zhang,Hui Zhang,Cheng Zhou +46 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the AeroCom Phase II direct aerosol effect (DAE) experiment where 16 detailed global aerosol models have been used to simulate the changes in the aerosol distribution over the industrial era.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward a Minimal Representation of Aerosols in Climate Models: Description and Evaluation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5
Xiaohong Liu,Richard C. Easter,Steven J. Ghan,Rahul A. Zaveri,Philip J. Rasch,Xiangjun Shi,Jean-Francois Lamarque,Andrew Gettelman,Hugh Morrison,Francis Vitt,Andrew Conley,Sungsu Park,Richard Neale,Cecile Hannay,Annica M. L. Ekman,Peter Hess,Natalie M. Mahowald,William D. Collins,Michael J. Iacono,Christopher S. Bretherton,Mark Flanner,David L. Mitchell +21 more
TL;DR: In this article, a modal aerosol module (MAM) has been developed for the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5), the atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1).
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