다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

Designing interfaces or applications that move beyond the bounds of a single device screen enables new ways to engage with digital content. Research addressing the opportunities and challenges of interactions with multiple devices in concert is of continued focus in HCI research. To inform the future research agenda of this field, we contribute an analysis and taxonomy of a corpus of 510 papers in the cross-device computing domain. For both new and experienced researchers in the field we provide: an overview, historic trends and unified terminology of cross-device research; discussion of major and under-explored application areas; mapping of enabling technologies; synthesis of key interaction techniques spanning across multiple devices; and review of common evaluation strategies. We close with a discussion of open issues. Our taxonomy aims to create a unified terminology and common understanding for researchers in order to facilitate and stimulate future cross-device research.

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Cross-Device Taxonomy: Survey, Opportunities and Challenges of Interactions Spanning Across Multiple Devices

Global energy and environmental crises are among the most pressing challenges facing humankind. To overcome these challenges, recent years have seen an upsurge of interest in the development and production of renewable chemical fuels as alternatives to the nonrenewable and high-polluting fossil fuels. Photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and electrocatalysis provide promising avenues for sustainable energy conversion. Single- and dual-component catalytic systems based on nanomaterials have been intensively studied for decades, but their intrinsic weaknesses hamper their practical applications. Multicomponent nanomaterial-based systems, consisting of three or more components with at least one component in the nanoscale, have recently emerged. The multiple components are integrated together to create synergistic effects and hence overcome the limitation for outperformance. Such higher-efficiency systems based on nanomaterials will potentially bring an additional benefit in balance-of-system costs if they exclude the use of noble metals, considering the expense and sustainability. It is therefore timely to review the research in this field, providing guidance in the development of noble-metal-free multicomponent nanointegration for sustainable energy conversion. In this work, we first recall the fundamentals of catalysis by nanomaterials, multicomponent nanointegration, and reactor configuration for water splitting, CO2 reduction, and N-2 reduction. We then systematically review and discuss recent advances in multicomponent-based photocatalytic, photo-electrochemical, and electrochemical systems based on nanomaterials. On the basis of these systems, we further laterally evaluate different multicomponent integration strategies and highlight their impacts on catalytic activity, performance stability, and product selectivity. Finally, we provide conclusions and future prospects for multicomponent nanointegration. This work offers comprehensive insights into the development of cost-competitive multicomponent nanomaterial-based systems for sustainable energy-conversion technologies and assists researchers working toward addressing the global challenges in energy and the environment.

Noble-Metal-Free Multicomponent Nanointegration for Sustainable Energy Conversion.

2D materials show many particular properties, such as high surface‐to‐volume ratio, high anisotropic degree, and adjustable chemical functionality. These unique properties in 2D materials have sparked immense interest due to their applications in photocatalytic systems, resulting in significantly enhanced light capture, charge‐transfer kinetics, and surface reaction. Herein, the research progress in 2D photocatalysts based on varied compositions and functions, followed by specific surface modification strategies, is introduced. Fundamental principles focusing on light harvesting, charge separation, and molecular adsorption/activation in the 2D‐material‐based photocatalytic system are systemically explored. The examples described here detail the use of 2D materials in various photocatalytic energy‐conversion systems, including water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen peroxide production, and organic synthesis. Finally, by elaborating the challenges and possible solutions for developing these 2D materials, the review is expected to provide some inspiration for the future research of 2D materials used on efficient photocatalytic energy conversions.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.202200180

Surface Modification of 2D Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion

Although nearly five decades of efforts have gone into solar water splitting (SWS), still success eludes and there is no big breakthrough till date. While huge importance is given either individually or concurrently to the three fundamental steps, namely, light absorption, charge carrier separation and diffusion and charge utilization at redox sites, many aspects that are practically helpful to improve the efficiency are not widely discussed and practised. Nonetheless, by adopting a number of small, but significant changes, solar hydrogen production can be enhanced. The present review discusses such different approaches employed for photocatalytic water splitting reported in the literature. For example, an increase of up to two orders of magnitude in solar hydrogen generation was observed with a film form compared to the particulate form of the same catalyst. Discussion on various approaches of enhanced hydrogen production under sunlight and one sun conditions is the main focus of this review, in particular with thin-film forms. The merits and demerits of thin film and particulate methods, respectively, are addressed in detail. Potential methods and successful stories on scalability are also discussed in the present review. In contrast to charge collection over a long distance in solar cell-based methods, a film-based method discussed shows that the local charge utilisation at a zero applied potential is an attractive feature for SWS. A comparison is provided between the PEC-WS and SWS for solar hydrogen generation, and how far we are from the reality to produce solar hydrogen on an industrial scale. We believe the presently practised diverse evaluation efforts may be truncated to fewer methods such as film-based evaluation and in a focussed manner to tackle the SWS issue towards sustainable production of solar hydrogen.

A scalable and thin film approach for solar hydrogen generation: a review on enhanced photocatalytic water splitting

We report the first quantum cascade lasers directly grown on a silicon substrate. These lasers are based on the InAs/AlSb material system and exhibit high performances, comparable with those of the devices fabricated on their native InAs substrate. The lasers operate near 11 μm, the longest emission wavelength of any laser integrated on Si.

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Quantum cascade lasers grown on silicon

Following recent developments in photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic–electrosynthetic systems, we present the benefits of III–V semiconductors for solar water splitting. In addition to their inte...

III–V Semiconductor Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production: Status and Prospects

Rekimoto's Pick-and-Drop (P&D) transfer technique is commonly used to support multi-surface object transfer (e.g., between a shared tabletop and tablet) due to its easily understood metaphor of emulating object movement in the physical world. Current multi-surface implementations of P&D provide little to no feedback during transfer, causing confusion for the person performing the action as well as others in the environment. To address this issue, we investigated the use of virtual embodiments to improve awareness of transferred objects, in the context of a real-world group task that relied heavily on cross-device transfer. An iterative design process led to the design of Surface Ghosts virtual embodiments, which take the form of semi-transparent 'ghosts' of the transferred objects displayed under the "owner's" hand on the tabletop during transfer. A user study that compared two Surface Ghosts designs-varied by how explicitly the "owner" was indicated-showed that both designs improved awareness of transferred objects when compared to a no-feedback control condition, especially for tabletop-to-tablet transfers.

Julie Tournet

Papers

Noble-Metal-Free Multicomponent Nanointegration for Sustainable Energy Conversion.

Quantum cascade lasers grown on silicon

III–V Semiconductor Materials for Solar Hydrogen Production: Status and Prospects

Surface Ghosts: Promoting Awareness of Transferred Objects during Pick-and-Drop Transfer in Multi-Surface Environments

Growth and characterization of AlInAsSb layers lattice-matched to GaSb