The talk with present the key results of the IPCC Working Group III 5th assessment report. Concluding four years of intense scientific collaboration by hundreds of authors from around the world, the report responds to the request of the world's governments for a comprehensive, objective and policy neutral assessment of the current scientific knowledge on mitigating climate change. The report has been extensively reviewed by experts and governments to ensure quality and comprehensiveness.

Climate change 2014 - Mitigation of climate change

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

Terrestrial net primary production (NPP) quantifies the amount of atmospheric carbon fixed by plants and accumulated as biomass. Previous studies have shown that climate constraints were relaxing with increasing temperature and solar radiation, allowing an upward trend in NPP from 1982 through 1999. The past decade (2000 to 2009) has been the warmest since instrumental measurements began, which could imply continued increases in NPP; however, our estimates suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon. Large-scale droughts have reduced regional NPP, and a drying trend in the Southern Hemisphere has decreased NPP in that area, counteracting the increased NPP over the Northern Hemisphere. A continued decline in NPP would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but it would also intensify future competition between food demand and proposed biofuel production.

Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009

INTRODUCTION: The copy number and in- tracellular localization of RNA are important regulators of gene expression. Measurement of these properties at the transcriptome scale in single cells will give answers to many ques- tions related to gene expression and regulation. Single-molecule RNA imaging approaches, such as single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybrid- ization(smFISH), are powerful toolsforcount- ing and mappingRNA; however, the number of RNA species that can be simultaneously im- aged in individual cells has been limited. This makes it challenging to perform transcriptomic analysis of single cells in a spatially resolved manner. Here, we report multiplexed error- robust FISH (MERFISH), a single-molecule im- aging method that allows thousands of RNA species to be imaged in single cells by using combinatorial FISH labeling with encoding schemes capable of detecting and/or correct- ing errors. RATIONALE: We labeled each cellular RNA with a set of encoding probes, which contain targeting sequences that bind the RNA and readout sequences that bind fluorescently la- beled readout probes. Each RNA species is encodedwithaparticular combinationofread- out sequences. We used successive rounds of hybridization and imaging, each with a differ- ent readout probe, to identify the readout se- quences bound to each RNA and to decode the RNA. In principle, combinatorial labeling al- lows the number of detectable RNA species to

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/348/6233/aaa6090.full.pdf

Spatially resolved, highly multiplexed RNA profiling in single cells

Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology

As a supplementary or the only water source in dry regions, dew plays a critical role in the survival of organisms. The new hydrological tracer 17O-excess, with almost sole dependence on relative humidity, provides a new way to distinguish the evaporation processes and reconstruct the paleoclimate. Up to now, there is no published daily dew isotope record on δ2H, δ18O, δ17O, d-excess, and 17O-excess. Here, we collected daily dew between July 2014 and April 2018 from three distinct climatic regions (i.e., Gobabeb in the central Namib Desert with desert climate, Nice in France with Mediterranean climate, and Indianapolis in the central United States with humid continental climate). The δ2H, δ18O, and δ17O of dew were simultaneously analyzed using a Triple Water Vapor Isotope Analyzer based on Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy technique, and then d-excess and 17O-excess were calculated. This report presents daily dew isotope dataset under three climatic regions. It is useful for researchers to use it as a reference when studying global dew dynamics and dew formation mechanisms. 

/pdf/stable-isotope-variations-of-dew-under-three-different-2g6fh2l2.pdf

Stable isotope variations of dew under three different climates

AbstractAn effective approach for stepping-stone intrusion detection (SSID) is to estimate the length of a connection chain, which is referred to as the network-based detection approach. In this paper, we propose an effective network-based approach for SSID using packet crossover. Existing network-based approaches for SSID are either not effective, or not efficient as they require a large number of TCP packets to be captured and processed. Some other existing network-based approaches for SSID do not work effectively when the fluctuation of the packets’ RTTs is large and requires the length of a connection chain to be pre-determined, and thus these existing detection methods have very limited performance. Our proposed algorithm for SSID using packet crossover can effectively determine the length of a downstream connection chain without any pre-assumption about the length of a connection chain as well as not requiring a large number of TCP packets being captured and processed, and thus our proposed SSID algorithm is more efficient. Since the number of packet crossovers can be easily calculated, our proposed detection method is easy to use and implement. The effectiveness, correctness and efficiency of our proposed algorithm for SSID are verified through well-designed network experiments. 

An Effective Approach for Stepping-Stone Intrusion Detection Using Packet Crossover

Spatial source apportionment of pollution and health risks in the agricultural soils of Shangla, Northern Pakistan: multistatistical approach

Attackers can exploit compromised hosts to launch attacks over the Internet. This protects an intruder, placing them behind a long connection chain consisting of multiple compromised hosts. Such attacks are called stepping-stone intrusions. Many algorithms have been proposed to detect stepping-stone intrusions, but most detection algorithms are weak in resisting intruders’ session manipulation, such as chaff-perturbation. This paper proposes a novel detection algorithm: Packet Cross-Matching and RTT-based two-dimensional random walk. Theoretical proof shows network traffic cross matching can be effective in resisting attackers’ chaff attack. Our experimental results over the AWS cloud show that the proposed algorithm can resist attackers’ chaff attacks up to a chaff rate of 100%.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/12/2/394/pdf?version=1673514444

Lixin Wang

Papers

Stable isotope variations of dew under three different climates

An Effective Approach for Stepping-Stone Intrusion Detection Using Packet Crossover

Spatial source apportionment of pollution and health risks in the agricultural soils of Shangla, Northern Pakistan: multistatistical approach

Detecting Stepping-Stone Intrusion and Resisting Intruders’ Manipulation via Cross-Matching Network Traffic and Random Walk

Forests affected by frequent and intense typhoons challenge the intermediate disturbance hypothesis