The talk with present the key results of the IPCC Working Group III 5th assessment report. Concluding four years of intense scientific collaboration by hundreds of authors from around the world, the report responds to the request of the world's governments for a comprehensive, objective and policy neutral assessment of the current scientific knowledge on mitigating climate change. The report has been extensively reviewed by experts and governments to ensure quality and comprehensiveness.

Climate change 2014 - Mitigation of climate change

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

Terrestrial net primary production (NPP) quantifies the amount of atmospheric carbon fixed by plants and accumulated as biomass. Previous studies have shown that climate constraints were relaxing with increasing temperature and solar radiation, allowing an upward trend in NPP from 1982 through 1999. The past decade (2000 to 2009) has been the warmest since instrumental measurements began, which could imply continued increases in NPP; however, our estimates suggest a reduction in the global NPP of 0.55 petagrams of carbon. Large-scale droughts have reduced regional NPP, and a drying trend in the Southern Hemisphere has decreased NPP in that area, counteracting the increased NPP over the Northern Hemisphere. A continued decline in NPP would not only weaken the terrestrial carbon sink, but it would also intensify future competition between food demand and proposed biofuel production.

Drought-Induced Reduction in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Production from 2000 Through 2009

INTRODUCTION: The copy number and in- tracellular localization of RNA are important regulators of gene expression. Measurement of these properties at the transcriptome scale in single cells will give answers to many ques- tions related to gene expression and regulation. Single-molecule RNA imaging approaches, such as single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybrid- ization(smFISH), are powerful toolsforcount- ing and mappingRNA; however, the number of RNA species that can be simultaneously im- aged in individual cells has been limited. This makes it challenging to perform transcriptomic analysis of single cells in a spatially resolved manner. Here, we report multiplexed error- robust FISH (MERFISH), a single-molecule im- aging method that allows thousands of RNA species to be imaged in single cells by using combinatorial FISH labeling with encoding schemes capable of detecting and/or correct- ing errors. RATIONALE: We labeled each cellular RNA with a set of encoding probes, which contain targeting sequences that bind the RNA and readout sequences that bind fluorescently la- beled readout probes. Each RNA species is encodedwithaparticular combinationofread- out sequences. We used successive rounds of hybridization and imaging, each with a differ- ent readout probe, to identify the readout se- quences bound to each RNA and to decode the RNA. In principle, combinatorial labeling al- lows the number of detectable RNA species to

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/348/6233/aaa6090.full.pdf

Spatially resolved, highly multiplexed RNA profiling in single cells

Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology

Escape from the HER 2-activated DCIS-like state is skewed by divergent nucleocytoplasmic transport

Due to their destructive and sporadic nature, it is often difficult to evaluate and predict the effects of typhoon on forest ecosystem patterns and processes. We used a 21-yr record of litterfall rates to explore the influence of typhoon frequency and intensity, along with other meteorological variables, on ecosystem dynamics in a subtropical rainforest. Over the past half century there has been an increasing frequency of strong typhoons (category 3; >49.6 m s−1; increase of 1.5 typhoons/decade) impacting the Fushan Experimental Forest, Taiwan. At Fushan strong typhoons drive total litterfall mass with an average of 1100 kg ha−1 litterfall typhoon−1. While mean typhoon season litterfall has been observed to vary by an order of magnitude, mean litterfall rates associated with annual leaf senescence vary by <20%. In response to increasing typhoon frequency, total annual litter mass increased gradually over the 21-year record following three major typhoons in 1994. Monthly maximum wind speed was predictive of monthly litterfall, yet the influence of precipitation and temperature was only evident in non-typhoon affected months. The response of this subtropical forest to strong typhoons suggests that increasing typhoon frequency has already shifted ecosystem structure and function (declining carbon sequestration and forest stature).

Impacts of increasing typhoons on the structure and function of a subtropical forest: reflections of a changing climate

In this paper, a novel super-junction trench silicon-on-insulator laterally-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (SJT SOI LDMOS) power device with additional hole leakage paths to improve single-event burnout (SEB) performance under high liner energy transfer (LET) is proposed for the first time. The electrical characteristics and SEB performance of the proposed SJT SOI LDMOS are both enhanced effectively. The replacement of a lightly doped N drift region with a heavily doped P pillar and N pillar considerably improves the tradeoff between breakdown voltage (BVDS) and specific on-resistance (Ron,sp). Compared with the conventional trench SOI LDMOS (CT SOI LDMOS), the static figures of merit (FOM, BVDS2/Ron,sp) of the SJT SOI LDMOS increases by 239%. The SEB performance of the SJT SOI LDMOS is significantly improved as the holes induced by the heavy ion can be quickly absorbed to the trench source metal through the heavily doped P+ region and P buried region rather than the base resistor of the parasitic bipolar junction transistor (BJT). The SEB threshold voltage (VSEB) of the CT SOI LDMOS is 58 V (39% of the BVDS) and that of the SJT SOI LDMOS is up to 173 V (87% of the BVDS) at high LET of 1 pC/μm.

/pdf/a-single-event-burnout-hardened-super-junction-trench-soi-ga1xnv5p.pdf

Lixin Wang

Papers

Escape from the HER 2-activated DCIS-like state is skewed by divergent nucleocytoplasmic transport

Impacts of increasing typhoons on the structure and function of a subtropical forest: reflections of a changing climate

A Single-Event Burnout Hardened Super-Junction Trench SOI LDMOS with Additional Hole Leakage Paths

Superstar microRNA, miR156, involved in plant biological processes and stress response: A review

Evaluating ecohydrological modelling framework to link atmospheric CO2 and stomatal conductance