Ming Zhang

TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of using Liouville's theorem to map the anisotropy of TeV cosmic rays seen at Earth using the particle distribution function in the local interstellar medium (LISM) was proposed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors obtained the intensity and anisotropy time profiles of solar SEPs accelerated by an interplanetary shock in the three-dimensional Parker magnetic field.

TL;DR: In this article, a numerical solution of the Fokker-planck focused transport equation including perpendicular diffusion of particles is derived for the gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed by multiple spacecraft with model simulations.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the behavior of the transport of galactic cosmic rays and the corresponding gradients in their flux near the heliopause (HP) and found that the effect of changing the diffusion coefficients' ratio on the radial flux variation depends on the energy of the cosmic rays, the lower the energy, the more pronounced the effect.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the onset times in several energy channels, and plot them versus inverse particle speed to derive an experimental path length and time of release from the solar atmosphere, and found that the derived path lengths at Ulysses are 1.06 to 2.45 times the length of a Parker spiral magnetic field line connecting the spacecraft to the Sun.