P. Franzen

TL;DR: The development of a large-area RF source for negative hydrogen ions, an official EFDA task agreement, is aiming at demonstrating ITER-relevant ion source parameters as mentioned in this paper, which implies a current density of 200?A?m?2 accelerated D? ions at a source filling pressure of?0.3?Pa and an electron-to-ion ratio of?1 from an extraction area similar to the positive-ion based sources at JET and ASDEX Upgrade and for pulse lengths of up to 1?h.

TL;DR: In this paper, negative hydrogen ion sources for neutral beam systems are linked with an optimization of negative ion formation in hydrogen plasmas, which requires knowledge of the plasma parameters, such as electron density and electron temperature, gas temperature, atomic and molecular hydrogen density, caesium densities (atoms and ions), and negative ion densities.

TL;DR: Stabler et al. as discussed by the authors developed a radio frequency driven negative hydrogen ion source for the ITER neutral beam system, which is an intermediate step between the present small IPP RF sources (1/8 ITER size) and the full size ITER source.

TL;DR: In this paper, the IPP RF driven negative hydrogen ion source was chosen as the reference source for the ITER NBI system due to, in principle, its maintenance free operation and the progress in the RF source development.

TL;DR: In this paper, a modified divertor configuration for ASDEX upgrade, allowing operation at higher triangularity, and with a changed neutral beam injection (NBI) system, for a more tangential, off-axis beam deposition.