A. Lorenz

TL;DR: The development of a large-area RF source for negative hydrogen ions, an official EFDA task agreement, is aiming at demonstrating ITER-relevant ion source parameters as mentioned in this paper, which implies a current density of 200?A?m?2 accelerated D? ions at a source filling pressure of?0.3?Pa and an electron-to-ion ratio of?1 from an extraction area similar to the positive-ion based sources at JET and ASDEX Upgrade and for pulse lengths of up to 1?h.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used deuterium pellets to accelerate type-I edge localized modes (ELMs) in high-constraint mode (H-mode) discharges.

TL;DR: In this paper, negative hydrogen ion sources for neutral beam systems are linked with an optimization of negative ion formation in hydrogen plasmas, which requires knowledge of the plasma parameters, such as electron density and electron temperature, gas temperature, atomic and molecular hydrogen density, caesium densities (atoms and ions), and negative ion densities.

TL;DR: The Wendelstein 7-X superconducting stellarator was used for the first high-performance plasma operation as discussed by the authors, achieving densities of up to 4.5 GHz with helium gas fueling.

TL;DR: The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) as mentioned in this paper is a state-of-the-art ECRH-based system for plasma start-up and operation using electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH).