Robert P. Lin

TL;DR: RHESSI as discussed by the authors is a Principal Investigator (PI) mission, where the PI is responsible for all aspects of the mission except the launch vehicle, and is designed to investigate particle acceleration and energy release in solar flares, through imaging and spectroscopy of hard X-ray/gamma-ray continua emitted by energetic electrons, and of gamma-ray lines produced by energetic ions.

TL;DR: The Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS) experiment as discussed by the authors measured the full, three-dimensional ion distribution of the major magnetospheric ions (H+, He+, He++, and O+) from the thermal energies to about 40 keV/e.

TL;DR: Vector magnetic field observations of the martian crust were acquired by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) magnetic field experiment/electron reflectometer (MAG/ER) during the aerobraking and science phasing orbits, at altitudes between approximately 100 and 200 kilometers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used top-hat symmetrical spherical section electrostatic analyzers with microchannel plate detectors to measure ions and electrons from ∼3 eV to 30 keV.

TL;DR: The magnetometer and electron reflectometer investigation on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has obtained magnetic field and plasma observations throughout the near-Mars environment, but here the discovery of multiple magnetic anomalies of small spatial scale in the crust of Mars is reported.