Shoshiro Minobe

TL;DR: In this article, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) is not a single phenomenon, but is instead the result of a combination of different physical processes, including remote tropical forcing and local North Pacific atmosphere-ocean interactions, which operate on different time scales to drive similar PDO-like SST anomaly patterns.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the chronology of interdecadal climatic regime shifts using instrumental data over the North Pacific, North America and the tropical oceans, and reconstructed climate records for North America.

TL;DR: The Gulf Stream is the upper limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, which has varied in strength in the past and is predicted to weaken in response to human-induced global warming in the future.

TL;DR: In this paper, the physical processes that lie behind the interaction of sharp SST gradients and the overlying marine atmospheric boundary layer and deeper atmosphere, using high-resolution satellite data, field data and numerical models, are examined.

TL;DR: In this article, a collection of initial-condition large ensembles (LEs) generated with seven Earth system models under historical and future radiative forcing scenarios provides new insights into uncertainties due to internal variability versus model differences.