자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

A theory is proposed to account for some of the age-related differences reported in measures of Type A or fluid cognition. The central hypothesis in the theory is that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed with which many processing operations can be executed and that this reduction in speed leads to impairments in cognitive functioning because of what are termed the limited time mechanism and the simultaneity mechanism. That is, cognitive performance is degraded when processing is slow because relevant operations cannot be successfully executed (limited time) and because the products of early processing may no longer be available when later processing is complete (simultaneity). Several types of evidence, such as the discovery of considerable shared age-related variance across various measures of speed and large attenuation of the age-related influences on cognitive measures after statistical control of measures of speed, are consistent with this theory.

http://www.anitacrawley.net/Resources/Articles/salthouse%20The%20Processing%20Speed%20Theory%20of%20Adult%20Age%20Differences%20in%20Cognition.pdf

The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition.

In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.

Thinking fast and slow.

Content providers are faced with massive intellectual property piracy and resort to technical protection measures encapsulated in digital rights management systems (DRMS). Given the cost-benefit trade-off of varying levels of content protection there is a need to implement a selected level of content protection. Based on a functional reference model of a DRMS, this paper proposes an access-usage-control-matrix to heuristically determine the protective strength of a given DRMS installation. The underlying assumption is that the combined robustness of the preventive security functions access control and usage control determines overall strength. The robustness of both matrix dimensions is refined with concrete authentication and client tamper-resistance methods.

The access-usage-control-matrix: a heuristic tool for implementing a selected level of technical content protection

During the past 20 years, a rich but diverse body of knowledge has accumulated regarding information technology outsourcing (ITO). Researchers have studied several factors that explain ITO decisions. So far, previous studies resorted mainly to rational efficiency criteria. In recent years researchers started to integrate soft factors into the explanatory models. In many cases, the failure of ITO projects still cannot be fully explained. By expanding ITO research in the direction of behavioral economics, this paper integrates psychological concepts that demonstrate that IT decision makers suffer from non-rational biases. Representing a broad variety of biases, this empirical study focuses on cognitive dissonance and reference point dependency. Using a structural equation model, based on an online survey with 198 participants, we show that IT decision makers use targets of past decisions as reference points. The assessment of target achievement in a subsequent decision can evoke cognitive dissonance that non-rationally affects the risk preferences of the decision maker. Two fictional scenarios demonstrate the practical implications of our study. Setting targets too high can cause non-rational risk affinity, potentially leading to project failure. Conversely, setting targets too low may cause non-rational risk aversion restraining the decision maker to make use of the full performance of a project.

Setting targets right! How non-rational biases affect the risk preference of IT-Outsourcing decision makers - An empirical investigation

Vor dem Hintergrund der dargestellten okonomischen Prinzipien untersuchen wir in diesem Kapitel ausgewahlte Strategien fur Softwareanbieter. Grundlegend fur ein Unternehmen ist seine Positionierung in der Wertschopfungskette . In Abschn. 3.1 gehen wir zunachst auf Moglichkeiten und Herausforderungen von Kooperationsstrategien ein. In diesem Kontext behandeln wir auch Unternehmensubernahmen , die auf Softwaremarkten eine besondere Rolle spielen. Darauf aufbauend untersuchen wir angebotsseitige Strategien. Darunter verstehen wir die Geschaftspolitik an der Schnittstelle zu Vertriebspartnern und Kunden, also den in der Wertschopfungskette nachgelagerten Geschaftspartnern. In diesem Bereich werden Vertriebs- (Abschn. 3.2) und Preisstrategien (Abschn. 3.3) thematisiert. Abschliesend betrachten wir in Abschn. 3.4 zentrale Managementfragen bei der Entwicklung von Software.

Strategien für Softwareanbieter

Based on survey data from 489 German potential Video On Demand users this research explores effects of early movie availability on consumers’ utility, their willingness to pay, and copyright violations. Using a triangulation approach, we employed adaptive conjoint analysis and contingent valuation methodologies. Our results show substantially increased utility levels and greater willingness to pay for Video On Demand services that offer movies simultaneously with or shortly before the first official theatrical release. Our findings bear similarities to results from experiments on hyperbolic discounting, a concept from the field of behavioral economics. Diverging from classic microeconomic theory, immediate consumption seems to be valued irrationally high. This effect is even stronger for copyright violators. Implications both for future academic research and for the motion picture industry are drawn.

Thomas Hess

Papers

The access-usage-control-matrix: a heuristic tool for implementing a selected level of technical content protection

Setting targets right! How non-rational biases affect the risk preference of IT-Outsourcing decision makers - An empirical investigation

Strategien für Softwareanbieter

Timing is Money - Evaluating the Effects of Early Availability of Feature Films via Video on Demand

Wirtschaftsinformatik und ökonomische Theorie - Ausbau der wechselseitigen Bezüge.