자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

A theory is proposed to account for some of the age-related differences reported in measures of Type A or fluid cognition. The central hypothesis in the theory is that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed with which many processing operations can be executed and that this reduction in speed leads to impairments in cognitive functioning because of what are termed the limited time mechanism and the simultaneity mechanism. That is, cognitive performance is degraded when processing is slow because relevant operations cannot be successfully executed (limited time) and because the products of early processing may no longer be available when later processing is complete (simultaneity). Several types of evidence, such as the discovery of considerable shared age-related variance across various measures of speed and large attenuation of the age-related influences on cognitive measures after statistical control of measures of speed, are consistent with this theory.

http://www.anitacrawley.net/Resources/Articles/salthouse%20The%20Processing%20Speed%20Theory%20of%20Adult%20Age%20Differences%20in%20Cognition.pdf

The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition.

In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.

Thinking fast and slow.

Previous studies have suggested that older adults are more likely than younger adults to rely on schematic information in making various types of judgments. We explored the conditions under which age differences would occur in the use of schematic versus episodic information in making social judgments. We were specifically interested in examining performance when age differences in the availability of episodic information were minimal. No age effects were observed in judgment tasks where responses were biased toward exclusive reliance on one or the other type of information. However, in a situation where both types of information could be used, the responses of older adults were less likely than those of younger adults to be influenced by available episodic information.

Adult age differences in the use of schematic and episodic information in making social judgments

It has been hypothesized that reductions in cognitive resources might result in older adults engaging in less systematic processing than younger adults when making everyday judgments. In two experiments, we tested individuals aged from 24 to 89 years to examine the degree to which task-related information associated with more superficial versus complex processing differentially influenced performance. We also examined the hypothesis that motivational factors would moderate age differences in processing complexity. In both studies, there were no age differences in the use of simple versus complex processing. Increasing age was, however, associated with increasing selectivity in cognitive resource engagement.

Aging and everyday judgments: The impact of motivational and processing resource factors.

The dual role of IT capabilities in the development of digital products and services

The Web 20 phenomenon has prepared new ground for related scientific entities, including User Generated Content (UGC) The successes of Wikipedia, YouTube, and MySpace in particular have stirred lively conversation about various aspects of that phenomenon, similar to the recent situation during which open source software (OSS) first drew wider attention The value creation process of OSS and UGC production is neither market nor hierarchy based but rather constitutes a third production mode, often called peer production (Benkler 2006) Why do people invest time, effort, and money to produce objects (eg, software, content) without getting paid in return, as would be expected in traditional markets or firms? In terms of OSS, a growing body of research improves our understanding of the economics behind open software production, but with regard to UGC, much remains to be learned With the help of an empirical research setting, we study user motivations to produce content, then link these results to current knowledge about user motivations in OSS production

Thomas Hess

Papers

Adult age differences in the use of schematic and episodic information in making social judgments

Aging and everyday judgments: The impact of motivational and processing resource factors.

The dual role of IT capabilities in the development of digital products and services

Why Customers Produce User Generated Content

Medienunternehmen im digitalen Zeitalter