In this chapter, we will restrict our attention to the ferrites and a few other closely related materials. The great interest in ferrites stems from their unique combination of a spontaneous magnetization and a high electrical resistivity. The observed magnetization results from the difference in the magnetizations of two non-equivalent sub-lattices of the magnetic ions in the crystal structure. Materials of this type should strictly be designated as “ferrimagnetic” and in some respects are more closely related to anti-ferromagnetic substances than they are to ferromagnetics in which the magnetization results from the parallel alignment of all the magnetic moments present. We shall not adhere to this special nomenclature except to emphasize effects, which are due to the existence of the sub-lattices.

Ferromagnetic materials

Light-Emitting Diodes. (Monographs in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.) By A. A. Bergh and P. J. Dean. Pp. viii+591. (Clarendon: Oxford; Oxford University: London, 1976.) £22.

/pdf/light-emitting-diodes-ubzde6g9qc.pdf

Light-emitting diodes

International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2003の要求清浄度について － シリコンウエハ表面と雰囲気環境に要求される清浄度, 分析方法の現状について －

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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

In recent years, free space optical (FSO) communication has gained significant importance owing to its unique features: large bandwidth, license free spectrum, high data rate, easy and quick deployability, less power, and low mass requirements. FSO communication uses optical carrier in the near infrared band to establish either terrestrial links within the Earth’s atmosphere or inter-satellite/deep space links or ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground links. It also finds its applications in remote sensing, radio astronomy, military, disaster recovery, last mile access, backhaul for wireless cellular networks, and many more. However, despite of great potential of FSO communication, its performance is limited by the adverse effects (viz., absorption, scattering, and turbulence) of the atmospheric channel. Out of these three effects, the atmospheric turbulence is a major challenge that may lead to serious degradation in the bit error rate performance of the system and make the communication link infeasible. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on various challenges faced by FSO communication system for ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links. It also provides details of various performance mitigation techniques in order to have high link availability and reliability. The first part of this paper will focus on various types of impairments that pose a serious challenge to the performance of optical communication system for ground-to-satellite/satellite-to-ground and inter-satellite links. The latter part of this paper will provide the reader with an exhaustive review of various techniques both at physical layer as well as at the other layers (link, network, or transport layer) to combat the adverse effects of the atmosphere. It also uniquely presents a recently developed technique using orbital angular momentum for utilizing the high capacity advantage of optical carrier in case of space-based and near-Earth optical communication links. This survey provides the reader with comprehensive details on the use of space-based optical backhaul links in order to provide high capacity and low cost backhaul solutions.

/pdf/optical-communication-in-space-challenges-and-mitigation-41d8by09lh.pdf

Optical Communication in Space: Challenges and Mitigation Techniques

A low noise figure (NF) and high power gain (S21) 3–10 GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) low noise amplifier (LNA) in 65 nm CMOS technology is proposed for UWB system which has a high figure of merit. A shunt–shunt resistive feedback technique is used to achieve wideband input impedance matching. A differential current-reused structure is used to achieve high common noise suppression and low power consumption. The implemented LNA achieves a high and flat aS21 of 15.6 ± 1.07 dB with an input return loss (S11) which is better than − 8.7 dB and a low NF of 2.99 ± 0.18 dB at frequencies of 3–10 GHz. The measured input third-order intermodulation point (IIP3) is − 5.7 dBm at 6 GHz.

A 2.99 dB NF 15.6 dB Gain 3-10GHz Ultra-wideband low-noise amplifier for UWB systems in 65 nm CMOS

Due to the penetration of various digital devices in our daily life, the data increases in an explosive way. It is highly agreed that the big data era is coming. Big data has a significant and promising future, and makes it a hot topic in the research community. Meanwhile, big data applications also raise consideration of security, privacy and trust on the networking layer. At present, the access control of cloud is vulnerable in existing schemes which may cause the loss and disclosure of the data easily. In this paper, we propose a secure key management scheme which may be deployed in big data networking to protect user’s data and privacy. In the proposed key management scheme, keys are divided into three layers. In the layered structure, upper keys encrypt lower keys to guarantee the security of keys. In the proposed scheme, big data networking, servers and others can know nothing of user’s key. Data owner can achieve ciphertext sharing to share their information to anyone they just went securely. Hierarchical key management is convenient, secure and efficient, and it can protect user’s private data in big data networking.

Secure and private key management scheme in big data networking

Null convention logic units are the most important logic units in asynchronous circuits. This paper proposes a new realization of null convention logic unit based on semi-static threshold gates. Through adding a cutoff transistor into the pull-up path, the leakage current can be greatly decreased, which can resolve the issue of leakage current increment in deep submicron technology. Comparisons are made on delay, area, power consumption as well as working speed with the conventional logic units. One bit asynchronous adder and basic gates are realized based on the proposed null convention logic unit and comparisons are made on performance and power consumption. Results have shown that the new null convention logic unit has significant decrements in dynamic and static power consumption. Dynamic power consumption of TH33 gate has decreased by 13.6%, and 72.9% to the static power consumption. The newly design proposal can satisfy the requirement of low power asynchronous design.

Yintang Yang

Papers

A 2.99 dB NF 15.6 dB Gain 3-10GHz Ultra-wideband low-noise amplifier for UWB systems in 65 nm CMOS

Secure and private key management scheme in big data networking

Performance Analysis of Low Power Null Convention Logic Units with Power Cutoff

Study of plasma etching of β-SiC thin films grown on Si-substrate

The effect of annealing on electrical properties of fluorinated amorphous carbon films