The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

In this Chapter, we imagine a decision maker (or a group of experts) trying to establish or examine fair procedures to combine opinions about alternatives related to different points of view.

Multiple criteria decision making

Alan Ford,† Hugues Miel, Aoife Ring,† Catherine N. Slattery,† Anita R. Maguire,*,†,‡ and M. Anthony McKervey* †Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Almac Discovery Ltd., David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom Almac Sciences Ltd., Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom

Modern Organic Synthesis with α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds

A new method for exact analytical calculation of the accessible surface areas and their gradients with respect to atomic coordinates is described. The new surface routine, GETAREA, finds solvent-exposed vertices of intersecting atoms, and thereby avoids calculating buried vertices which are not needed to determine the accessible surface area by the Gauss)Bonnet theorem. The surface routine was implemented in FANTOM, a program for energy minimization and Monte Carlo simulation, and tested for accuracy and efficiency in extensive energy minimizations of Met-enkephalin, the a-amylase inhibitor . tendamistat, and avian pancreatic polypeptide APP . The CPU time for the exact calculation of the accessible surface areas and their gradients has been . . reduced by factors of 2.2 Met-enkephalin and 3.2 tendamistat compared with our previous approach. The efficiency of our exact method is similar to the recently described approximate methods MSEED and SASAD. The performance of several atomic solvation parameter sets was tested in searches for low energy conformations of APP among conformations near the native X-ray crystal structure and highly distorted structures. The protein solvation parameters from w . x

Exact and efficient analytical calculation of the accessible surface areas and their gradients for macromolecules

The aim of this review article on recent developments of mechanochemistry (nowadays established as a part of chemistry) is to provide a comprehensive overview of advances achieved in the field of atomistic processes, phase transformations, simple and multicomponent nanosystems and peculiarities of mechanochemical reactions. Industrial aspects with successful penetration into fields like materials engineering, heterogeneous catalysis and extractive metallurgy are also reviewed. The hallmarks of mechanochemistry include influencing reactivity of solids by the presence of solid-state defects, interphases and relaxation phenomena, enabling processes to take place under non-equilibrium conditions, creating a well-crystallized core of nanoparticles with disordered near-surface shell regions and performing simple dry time-convenient one-step syntheses. Underlying these hallmarks are technological consequences like preparing new nanomaterials with the desired properties or producing these materials in a reproducible way with high yield and under simple and easy operating conditions. The last but not least hallmark is enabling work under environmentally friendly and essentially waste-free conditions (822 references).

/pdf/hallmarks-of-mechanochemistry-from-nanoparticles-to-5cyjx2wiue.pdf

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: From nanoparticles to technology

The ribosome is the macromolecular machine responsible for translating the genetic code into polypeptide chains. Despite impressive structural and kinetic studies of the translation process, a number of challenges remain with respect to understanding the dynamic properties of the translation apparatus. Single-molecule techniques hold the potential of characterizing the structural and mechanical properties of macromolecules during their functional cycles in real time. These techniques often necessitate the specific coupling of biologically active molecules to a surface. Here, we describe a procedure for such coupling of functionally active ribosomes that permits single-molecule studies of protein synthesis. Oxidation with NaIO4 at the 3' end of 23S rRNA and subsequent reaction with a biotin hydrazide produces biotinylated 70S ribosomes, which can be immobilized on a streptavidin-coated surface. The surface-attached ribosomes are fully active in poly(U) translation in vitro, synthesizing poly(Phe) at a rate of 3-6 peptide bonds/s per active ribosome at 37 degrees C. Specificity of binding of biotinylated ribosomes to a streptavidin-coated quartz surface was confirmed by observation of individual fluorescently labeled, biotinylated 70S ribosomes, using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Functional interactions of the immobilized ribosomes with various components of the protein synthesis apparatus are shown by use of surface plasmon resonance.

Fast in vitro translation system immobilized on a surface via specific biotinylation of the ribosome.

A 36-year-old, heavily trafficked highway asphalt pavement was analyzed in detail. The variation in structural capacity was assessed by a falling-weight deflectometer (FWD). Trenches were cut to examine the distresses in the pavement structure. Sample cores were taken for the study of distress modes, volumetric characteristics, and mechanical properties of the asphalt mixtures. Asphalt binder was extracted from the cores for the study of rheological properties. Rutting, cracking, fracture at the pavement bottom, and debonding at the interfaces were found to be the major distress modes. Air voids (AVs) were found to vary greatly in the samples and to be particularly high at the construction joints and at the pavement bottom. The total AV contents are primarily attributed to a few large voids, not a large number of seemingly disconnected voids. The stiffness of the road samples was much higher than that of the new mixture of the same type, and the average stiffness of the samples from the wheel path...

Characterization of the Distress Modes and In Situ Material Properties of Highway Asphalt Pavement with Long Service Life

To predict the passenger volume reasonably and accurately, this paper fills the gap in the research of quarterly data forecast of railway passenger volume. The research results can also provide references for railway departments to plan railway operation lines reasonably and efficiently.,This paper intends to establish a seasonal cycle first order univariate grey model (GM(1,1) model) combing with a seasonal index. GM (1,1) is termed as the trend equation to fit the railway passenger volume in China from 2014 to 2018. The railway passenger volume in 2019 is used as the experimental data to verify the forecasting effect of the proposed model. The forecasting results of the seasonal cycle GM (1,1) model are compared with the traditional GM (1,1) model, seasonal grey model (SGM(1,1)), Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model, moving average method and exponential smoothing method. Finally, the authors forecast the railway passenger volume from 2020 to 2022.,The quarterly data of national railway passenger volume have a clear tendency of cyclical fluctuations and show an annual growth trend. According to the comparison of the modeling results, the authors know that the seasonal cycle GM (1,1) model has the best prediction effect with the mean absolute percentage error of 1.32%. It is much better than the other models, reflecting the feasibility of the proposed model.,As the previous grey prediction model could not solve the series prediction problem with seasonal fluctuation, and there are few research studies on quarterly railway passenger volume forecasting, GM (1,1) model is taken as the trend equation and combined with the seasonal index to construct a combination forecasting model for accurate forecasting results in this study. Besides, considering the impact of the epidemic on passenger volume, the authors introduce a disturbance factor to deal with the forecasting results in 2020, making the modeling results more scientific, practical and referential.

A new seasonal cycle GM (1,1) model and its application in railway passenger volume forecasting

Open-graded friction course (OGFC) is a commonly used highway pavement material. The relatively low strength and low stiffness of OGFC create a concern on its interfacial bond and shear strength with the underlying dense-graded asphalt concrete (AC). The bond and shear strength may be particularly low if OGFC is directly placed on an existing milled AC layer during resurfacing operation. To address this concern, both the OGFC layer and the underlying AC layer are often resurfaced together in resurfacing operation, with the expectation that better bonding develops between two new layers. However, this practice may result in resource and monetary wastes if the bond and shear strength between the OGFC and milled AC layer are adequate. This paper reports research findings on the bond and shear strength issue based on in situ bond strength test, analysis of traffic-induced tractive force and interfacial shear stress, interfacial shear strength test, and site trials.

Investigation of the bond and shear strength between open-graded friction course (OGFC) and dense-graded asphalt concrete

This report addresses issues related to transferring the responsibility for quality control from the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KyTC) to construction contractors. Surveys of the KyTC, other state departments of transportation, and Kentucky highway contractors were done to identify the advantages, concerns, and modifications of the Contractor Performed Quality Control (CPQC) program. An advisory committee of experienced KyTC engineers, Federal Highway Administration representatives, and contractor representatives met periodically to identify approaches for handling key issues of the program. Several key topics related to CPQC are presented in this report, with emphasis on quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) administration, QC/QA procedures, quality acceptance and verification testing, and CPQC training. Specific issues related to CPQC pay items in Kentucky are also discussed. Several recommendations have been proposed to enhance the program. If properly implemented, CPQC can improve a contractor's work performance and help relieve the State's burden for inspection. Additional monitoring of the program is necessary to make further improvements and to include other pay items.

https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/21559/dot_21559_DS1.pdf

Yuhong Wang

Papers

Fast in vitro translation system immobilized on a surface via specific biotinylation of the ribosome.

Characterization of the Distress Modes and In Situ Material Properties of Highway Asphalt Pavement with Long Service Life

A new seasonal cycle GM (1,1) model and its application in railway passenger volume forecasting

Investigation of the bond and shear strength between open-graded friction course (OGFC) and dense-graded asphalt concrete

Contractor Performed Quality Control on KyTC Projects