The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an independent organization devoted to the development of standards.

American Society for Testing and Materials

In this Chapter, we imagine a decision maker (or a group of experts) trying to establish or examine fair procedures to combine opinions about alternatives related to different points of view.

Multiple criteria decision making

Alan Ford,† Hugues Miel, Aoife Ring,† Catherine N. Slattery,† Anita R. Maguire,*,†,‡ and M. Anthony McKervey* †Department of Chemistry and ‡School of Pharmacy, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland Almac Discovery Ltd., David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom Almac Sciences Ltd., Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom

Modern Organic Synthesis with α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds

A new method for exact analytical calculation of the accessible surface areas and their gradients with respect to atomic coordinates is described. The new surface routine, GETAREA, finds solvent-exposed vertices of intersecting atoms, and thereby avoids calculating buried vertices which are not needed to determine the accessible surface area by the Gauss)Bonnet theorem. The surface routine was implemented in FANTOM, a program for energy minimization and Monte Carlo simulation, and tested for accuracy and efficiency in extensive energy minimizations of Met-enkephalin, the a-amylase inhibitor . tendamistat, and avian pancreatic polypeptide APP . The CPU time for the exact calculation of the accessible surface areas and their gradients has been . . reduced by factors of 2.2 Met-enkephalin and 3.2 tendamistat compared with our previous approach. The efficiency of our exact method is similar to the recently described approximate methods MSEED and SASAD. The performance of several atomic solvation parameter sets was tested in searches for low energy conformations of APP among conformations near the native X-ray crystal structure and highly distorted structures. The protein solvation parameters from w . x

Exact and efficient analytical calculation of the accessible surface areas and their gradients for macromolecules

The aim of this review article on recent developments of mechanochemistry (nowadays established as a part of chemistry) is to provide a comprehensive overview of advances achieved in the field of atomistic processes, phase transformations, simple and multicomponent nanosystems and peculiarities of mechanochemical reactions. Industrial aspects with successful penetration into fields like materials engineering, heterogeneous catalysis and extractive metallurgy are also reviewed. The hallmarks of mechanochemistry include influencing reactivity of solids by the presence of solid-state defects, interphases and relaxation phenomena, enabling processes to take place under non-equilibrium conditions, creating a well-crystallized core of nanoparticles with disordered near-surface shell regions and performing simple dry time-convenient one-step syntheses. Underlying these hallmarks are technological consequences like preparing new nanomaterials with the desired properties or producing these materials in a reproducible way with high yield and under simple and easy operating conditions. The last but not least hallmark is enabling work under environmentally friendly and essentially waste-free conditions (822 references).

/pdf/hallmarks-of-mechanochemistry-from-nanoparticles-to-5cyjx2wiue.pdf

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: From nanoparticles to technology

Pavement preservation is practiced by many highway administration agencies throughout the world. Pavement preservation also attracts much attention from agencies that have few or no such programs. How to choose the most effective treatment at a given location, however, remains a question. On the basis of data from the Specific Pavement Study 3 of the Long-Term Pavement Performance program, the study reported in this paper examined the impact of climate conditions on the effectiveness of asphalt pavement preservation techniques. Six climate zones were defined on the bases of number of wet days, freeze-thaw cycles, and number of days below 0°C. Within each climate zone, performance differences on graphical representations and paired t-tests were assessed for four types of treatment sections and control sections in terms of the international roughness index (IRI). The magnitudes of the IRI changes caused by these treatments were in general quite noticeable, but the effectiveness varied greatly with climate c...

Impact of Climate Conditions on Effectiveness of Asphalt Pavement Preservation Techniques

Detecting semantic regions of construction site images by transfer learning and saliency computation

This study was initiated to take an in-depth look at the current time and material incentive/disincentive program associated with highway construction projects in Kentucky. The current incentive/disincentive program was first initiated in the mid to late 1990s. However, not until recently had some of the original mechanisms of the program been revisited and/or up-dated. From the early stages of this study it was anticipated that many of the concerns regarding the use of both time/material incentives and disincentives on highway construction projects in Kentucky would be addressed. Therefore, at the onset of this project the study advisory committee made a tremendous effort to devise a working plan for this study that would evaluate both the time and material incentive and disincentive program. In addition to the evaluation of the program, tremendous effort was also undertaken to answer some age old questions regarding the quality of projects that have received time incentive bonuses in the past.

/pdf/evaluation-of-current-incentive-disincentive-procedures-in-3tnuz51w9m.pdf

Evaluation of Current Incentive/Disincentive Procedures in Construction

The ribosome is a ribozyme. However, in bacterial ribosomes, the N-terminus of L27 is located within the peptidyl transfer center. The roles of this protein in real time remain unclear. We present single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies of tRNA dynamics at the peptidyl transfer center in ribosomes containing either wild type (WT) L27, or L27 mutants with A2H3, A2H3K4 or nine N-terminal residues removed. Removing L27's first three N-terminal residues or mutating a single residue, K4, reduces the formation of a stable peptidyl tRNA after translocation. These results imply that L27 stabilizes the peptidyl tRNA and residue K4 contributes significantly to the stabilization.

/pdf/role-of-the-ribosomal-protein-l27-revealed-by-single-67iimh0z8j.pdf

Yuhong Wang

Papers

Impact of Climate Conditions on Effectiveness of Asphalt Pavement Preservation Techniques

Detecting semantic regions of construction site images by transfer learning and saliency computation

Evaluation of Current Incentive/Disincentive Procedures in Construction

Role of the ribosomal protein L27 revealed by single‐molecule FRET study

Removal of trace organic compounds from wastewater by ultrasonic enhancement on adsorption