Showing papers by "Academia Sinica published in 1990"
TL;DR: The relative importance of thickening and strike-slip extrusion in continental collision is discussed in this paper, where the authors show that for > 500 km, mylonites in this narrow northwest-southeast belt show horizontal lineations on steep, northwest-striking foliation planes, and left-lateral kinematic indicators.
Abstract: The relative importance of thickening and strike-slip extrusion in continental collision is debated. Ductile shear in the Ailao Shan/Diancang Shan metamorphic belt, along the Red River in Yunnan, China, yields outstanding evidence of the latter process. For > 500 km, mylonites in this narrow northwest-southeast belt show horizontal lineations on steep, northwest-striking foliation planes, and left-lateral kinematic indicators. U–Pb radiometric ages of ∼23 Myr imply that strike-slip movement along this shear zone occurred in the Oligo-Miocene. The strain observed suggests that collision of India with Asia displaced Indochina at least 500km southeastwards relative to South China.
852 citations
TL;DR: The Tien Shan Range in central Asia contains two late Paleozoic sutures, the older, southern suture marks the collision of a passive margin at the north of the Tarim block and an active continental margin; subduction under the latter was to the north.
Abstract: The Tien Shan Range in central Asia contains two late Paleozoic sutures. The older, southern suture marks the collision of a passive margin at the north of the Tarim block and an active continental margin; subduction under the latter was to the north. The younger, northern suture separates a northern Carboniferous island arc from an active continental margin developed over a south-dipping subduction zone. The subduction direction under the island arc is unknown. Mesozoic elastics were deposited over the doubly sutured orogen. Rate and energy of sedimentation waned until deposition of Oligocene conglomerates above a regional unconformity-interpreted as marking the onset of deformation induced by the India-Asia collision. Molasse deposition accelerated in Pliocene and Quaternary time, and deposition continues today as active thrusts generate relief. Paleozoic structures control the gross divergence of Cenozoic thrusts across the orogen.
703 citations
TL;DR: Yangzi-Nanpanjiang and Gunanhai orogenic belts as mentioned in this paper are composed of three continental fragments: Yangzi, Huanan, and Dongnanya.
435 citations
01 Sep 1990-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
TL;DR: This paper presents a solution to support strategic processes in a PSEE by providing a flexible guidance during process enactment and shows that supporting processes is more concerned with the flexibility of guidance offered during the process performance than with enforcement of a collection of predefined process models.
Abstract: Process-centred Software Engineering Environments (PSEE) are the most recent generation of environments supporting software development activities. Most of PSEE are based on mechanisms promoting enforcement and automation of process activities. In this kind of mechanisms the process models are prescribed in a detailed and complete way. But the experience shows that supporting processes is more concerned with the flexibility of guidance offered during the process performance than with enforcement of a collection of predefined process models. In this paper, we present a solution to support strategic processes in a PSEE by providing a flexible guidance during process enactment.
433 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that form closure of any two-dimensional bounded object with piecewise smooth boundary (except a circle) can be achieved by four fingers, and it is proved that three fingers are necessary and sufficient in two dimensions, and four fingers in three dimensions.
Abstract: A form closure (or complete restraint) of a solid object is a finite set of wrenches (force-moment combinations) applied on the object, with the property that any other wrench acting on the object can be balanced by a positive combination of the original ones. Intuitively, form closure is a way of defining the notion of a "firm grip" of the object (when friction is not taken into account). It has been pointed out by Reuleaux (1875) and Somoff (1897), and more recently by Lakshmin arayana (1978), that the form closure of a two-dimensional object requires at least four wrenches, and that form closure of a three-dimensional object requires at least seven wrenches. It was also conjectured that these numbers can be achieved by wrenches realizable as forces normal to the surface of the object (such wrenches are called fingers). In this paper we prove this conjecture. In particular we show that form closure of any two-dimensional bounded object with piecewise smooth boundary (except a circle) can be achieved by ...
407 citations
TL;DR: Inhibition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase by sugars, δ‐gluconolactone, and cellobiose and solvents and Solvents was studied using cellulose azure.
Abstract: Inhibition of Trichoderma reesei cellulase by sugars (glucose, delta-gluconolactone, and cellobiose) and solvents (ethanol, butanol, and acetone) was studied using cellulose azure. Glucose, cellobiose, ethanol, and butanol were noncompetitive inhibitors, delta-gluconolactone was a mixed inhibitor, and acetone was a noncompetitive activator. Converting cellobiose to glucose reduces the effective inhibitor binding constant by 6 times and converting cellobiose to ethanol reduces it by 16 times.
405 citations
TL;DR: The magnetic susceptibility of loess and paleosol can be regarded as a proxy index of Asian monsoon variation in Central China during the last 2.5 Ma is analyzed in this article.
397 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used isotopic and geochemical data from Mesozoic and younger granitoids and sediments to place constraints on the tectonic evolution of Southeastern China and evaluate whether the young Phanerozoic foldbelts are representative of old rejuvenated landmass, whether they characterize crustal accretion through successive subduction processes, or whether they represent some intermediate situation.
382 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that a family of C/EBP-like transcription factors exists and appears to be ubiquitously expressed in tissues like lung, spleen, kidney, heart, testis, and liver and cell lines like p388D1, 129P (hepatoma cell line of C3H/HeJ), FO (mouse myeloma), and L929.
Abstract: A C/EBP-like transcription factor, AGP/EBP, that binds to three distinct motifs in the 5'-flanking region of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene (AGP) has been identified. Here we report the cloning and properties of cDNA corresponding to mouse AGP/EBP. AGP/EBP and C/EBP share 87% amino acid sequence homology in the "leucine zipper" and its associated DNA-binding domains, while their sequences outside these domains and the sizes of their mRNAs are different. Unlike the limited expression of C/EBP in tissues and cells, AGP/EBP appears to be ubiquitously expressed in tissues like lung, spleen, kidney, heart, testis, and liver and cell lines like p388D1, 129P (hepatoma cell line of C3H/HeJ), FO (mouse myeloma), and L929. Antibody against cloned and expressed AGP/EBP which was raised in rabbits could recognize AGP/EBP from nuclear extract of a number of cells and tissues. On the basis of our findings about the structural relationship and the similarity of motif recognition, we propose that a family of C/EBP-like transcription factors exists.
264 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Zhang et al. reported new results from their own paleomagnetic studies of the Inner Mongolia autonomous region in northeastern China and the Xinjiang autonomous regions in northwestern China, which suggest a tectonic model in which Kazakhstan, Europe and Siberia collided with each other in Late Permian time.
264 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the equation of Faradaic admittance under potentiostatic control is derived based on the conditions of stability of steady-state for electrode processes whose rates depend upon the two state variables besides the electrode potential.
TL;DR: In this article, the potential for using the radionuclide caesium-137 as an environmental tracer to indicate sources of soil erosion in the Chinese Loess Plateau is introduced.
Abstract: The potential for using the radionuclide caesium-137 as an environmental tracer to indicate sources of soil erosion in the Chinese Loess Plateau is introduced. The caesium-137 contents of soil profiles have been used to estimate soil erosion losses from different topographic and land use conditions at Lishi, Shanxi Province, and Luochuan, Shaanxi Province. At uncultivated sites the caesium-137 has accumulated in the upper soil profile, whilst it has been mixed within the plough layer of cultivated soils. Eroded soils contain relatively less caesium-137, and simple calibration techniques are applied to quantify soil loss. Preliminary results suggest that caesium-137 may be of considerable value in assembling data on the rates and spatial distribution of soil loss and in identifying the source areas of eroded sediment.
TL;DR: In this paper, 17 U-Pb isotope analyses were performed on small size-fractions of zircon, monazite and xenotime, extracted from two different leucogranitic layers.
TL;DR: In this paper, the intimate relations between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino are studied based on a series of data analyses, and it is shown that the anomalously strong winter monoon in east Asia during wintertime might be an important mechanism to cause ElNino event.
Abstract: Based on a series of data analyses, the intimate relations between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino are studied in this paper. Anomalistic circulation in the Northern Hemisphere caused by El Nino event can lead to enhancing the Ferrel cell and the westerlies in the mid—latitudes as the Hadley cell and result in the location of the front zone in East Asia to the north. These are unfavourable for the cold wave breaking out southward in East Asia. Therefore, there are warmer weather and weaker winter monsoon in East Asia in El Nino winter. There are stronger and frequent cold waves in East Asia during the wintertime prior to the occurrence of El Nino event. They will induce stronger winter monsoon in East Asia. Thus, the weakened trade wind and enhanced cumulus convection in the equatorial middle—western Pacific area caused by the stronger winter monsoon will play an important role in the occurrence of El Nino event. Therefore, the anomalously strong winter monsoon in East Asia during wintertime might be an important mechanism to cause El Nino event.
TL;DR: In this article, a direct approach to direct phasing of quasicrystal diffraction data is described, where the data are first converted to a set of structure-factor amplitudes of a multidimensional crystal.
Abstract: A possible approach to direct phasing of quasicrystal diffraction data is described. The data are first converted to a set of structure-factor amplitudes of a multidimensional crystal. The Patterson function of the quasicrystal is used to derive the converting factor. A direct method is then used to solve the phase problem in multi-dimensional space. The method has been tested with a hypothetical one-dimensional quasicrystal yielding a satisfactory result.
TL;DR: In this paper, low field magnetic susceptibility at three sites in the Chinese Loess Plateau, each with sediments covering the last 2·5 Ma, were averaged and combined into a single stacked file whose dating is independent of astronomic chronology.
Abstract: Records of the low field magnetic susceptibility at three sites in the Chinese Loess Plateau, each with sediments covering the last 2·5 Ma, were averaged and combined into a single stacked file whose dating is independent of astronomic chronology. The stack reveals orbital frequencies, which are in general agreement with the astronomically tuned oxygen isotope deep sea chronology in the upper part of the Brunhes epoch, but disagree prior to 0·5 Ma ago.
TL;DR: Based upon the various assays used to measure liposome content disposition in the cell, it is concluded that the efficiency of cytoplasmic delivery by the CHEMS/DOPE liposomes is greater than 0.01% and less than 10% of the cell-associated liposomal contents, which is the smallest difference that can be detected by these two assays.
Abstract: The intracellular processing of pH-sensitive liposomes composed of cholesterylhemisuccinate (CHEMS) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) by eukaryotic cell lines has been compared to non-pH-sensitive liposomes made of CHEMS and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC). The pH-sensitive liposomes can deliver encapsulated fluorescent molecules [calcein, fluoresceinated dextran, fluoresceinated polypeptide, and diphtheria toxin A chain (DTA)] into the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic delivery can be blocked in the presence of ammonium chloride or EDTA, indicating that the process requires a low-pH environment and the presence of divalent cations. Inhibition of cellular protein synthesis by DTA delivery from the pH-sensitive liposome is orders of magnitude greater than from the non-pH-sensitive liposome composition. The delivery of DTA into the cytoplasm by pH-sensitive liposomes is at least 0.01% of cell-associated liposomal DTA. There is no significant difference in the degradation rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or the rate of acidification of pH-sensitive dye, 8-hydroxy-l,3,6-pyrene-trisulfonate (HPTS), when delivered to cells in pH-sensitive and non-pH-sensitive liposomes. Thus the efficiency of cytoplasmic delivery is less than 10% of the cell-associated liposome contents, which is the smallest difference that can be detected by these two assays. Based upon the various assays used to measure liposome content disposition in the cell, we conclude that the efficiency of cytoplasmic delivery by the CHEMS/DOPE liposomes is greater than 0.01% and less than 10% of the cell-associated liposomal contents.
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a method to solve the problem of people mobility in China by using the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial neural networks (ANNs).
Abstract: lu, k (reprint author), acad sinica,inst met res,natl lab rsa,shenyang 110015,peoples r china
TL;DR: The Cenozoic Hannuoba basaltic province, 200 km northwest of Beijing, China, is composed of intercalated tholeiitic, transitional and alkalic basalt as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the equivalence and existence of the vector complementary problem, the vector variational inequality, vector extremum problem, weak minimal element problem, and the vector unilateral minimization problem in the Banach space were established.
TL;DR: The nucleotide sequences of rice waxy gene and its 5' and 3' flanking regions (5499 bp) are presented and revealed the presence of 13 introns and 14 exons.
Abstract: Rice waxy gene codes for the starch granule-bound starch synthase (EC 2.4.1.11) (1). To characterize its molecular structure, a rice {Oryza sativa subsp. japonica Hengfeng cultivar) genomic library was constructed in XEMBL-3 vector. Two overlapping genomic clones containing waxy gene sequence were screened and identified from this library by using maize waxy gene DNA as probe (kindly provided by Dr N.Fedoroff). The nucleotide sequences of rice waxy gene and its 5' and 3' flanking regions (5499 bp) are presented here. Alignment of nucleotide sequence of waxy gene from rice with that of maize (2) and barley (3) revealed the presence of 13 introns and 14 exons. The fulllength of waxy preprotein is 609 amino acid residues. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TL;DR: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a common recessive genetic disease caused mainly by steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) deficiency, and mutations corresponding to Asn172 or Trp356 mutation were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis of the normal c21 cDNA clone.
TL;DR: Lipase immobilized on PVC exhibited higher thermal stability than that on agarose and the specific activity of the immobilized lipase was affected by the pore size but not by the chain length of the hydrocarbon attached to the support.
Abstract: Six different types of materials including PVC, chitosan, chitin, agarose, Sepharose, and Trisacryl were evaluated for their lipase-coupling efficiencies. Among those tested, chitosan yielded the highest amount of lipase (79 mg/mL packed gel) immobilized but with lowest oil hydrolytic activity (0.03 mg eq/mL gel). The amount of lipase immobilized was affected by the length of the hydrocarbon chain attached to the PVC matrix but not by the pore size of the supports used. On the other hand, the specific activity of the immobilized lipase was affected by the pore size but not by the chain length of the hydrocarbon attached to the support. After immobilization, the optimal reaction pH was shifted from 7.5 to 8.5 and the optimal reaction temperature from 35 to 45-55 degrees C. Lipase immobilized on PVC exhibited higher thermal stability than that on agarose. The half-life of the PVC immobilized lipase operating at 30 degrees C in a packed-bed reactor was estimated to be about 400 h.
TL;DR: Because the endogenous rhythm of nitrogen fixation was not affected by a phase-shift of its previous cycles, the circadian rhythm in Synechococcus sp.
Abstract: The prokaryotic Synechococcus sp. RF-1 exhibited a nitrogen fixation circadian rhythm with characteristics remarkably similar to the circadian rhythm of eukaryotes. The rhythm had a free-running period of about 24 hours when the length of the preen-trained cycle did not differ too much from 24 hours, and it was insensitive to changes in temperature from 22 degrees C to 33 degrees C. Because the endogenous rhythm of nitrogen fixation was not affected by a phase-shift of its previous cycles, the circadian rhythm in Synechococcus sp. RF-1 was not considered to be controlled simply by a feedback mechanism.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Two human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines have been established and the karyotypic analysis showed multiple chromosomal abnormality, and Ultrastructural studies from those two cell line showed two types of morphology: the dark and light cells.
TL;DR: In this article, a family of exact and analytical solutions of the equilibrium shape equation of vesicle membranes is found, which are anchor rings with generating circles of radii in the ratio 1/ \ensuremath{surd}2.
Abstract: A family of the exact and analytical solutions of the equilibrium shape equation of vesicle membranes is found. They are anchor rings with generating circles of radii in the ratio 1/ \ensuremath{\surd}2 . It is shown that these ring vesicles are stable for some negative values of their spontaneous curvatures, such that experimental construction of such vesicles seems possible. A discussion shows that a positive Gauss-curvature elastic modulus favors the formation of these special vesicles.
TL;DR: In this paper, the vitesse de degradation in vitro des copolymeres en solution aqueuse 0,9% NaCl is inferieure a celle du homo-poly(acide lactique) and depend de la proportion de PEG.
Abstract: Preparation par copolycondensation avec ouverture de cycle en presence de catalyseur cationique. La vitesse de degradation in vitro des copolymeres en solution aqueuse 0,9% NaCl est inferieure a celle du homo-poly(acide lactique) et depend de la proportion de PEG.
TL;DR: In this article, a plutonic association of granodiorites, monzogranites and tonalites and a younger peraluminous leucogranite facies was found in the northern Lhasa Terrane.
TL;DR: A human face profile recognition system with learning capability is developed and one key point of the imaging system is the use of back-lighting so that the outline curve can be extracted easily.