Academy of Finland

About: Academy of Finland is a government organization based out in Helsinki, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 286 authors who have published 419 publications receiving 15304 citations. The organization is also known as: Finlands Akademi & Suomen Akatemia.

The Intentions of Intentionality

Abstract: The contrast flaunted in the title of this colloquium, “Explanation and Understanding”,1 is predicated on an important assumption. This assumption is best known as Brentano’s thesis. It says, roughly, that there is an irreducible conceptual difference between two kinds of phenomena which I shall refer to as intentional and nonintentional phenomena. The non- intentional or physical phenomena are subject to explanation, the intentional ones to understanding.

Effects of Halothane, Thiopental, and Lidocaine on Fluidity of Synaptic Plasma Membranes and Artificial Phospholipid Membranes

Abstract: The effects of halothane, thiopental, and lidocaine were studied with spin-labeling methods in synaptic plasma membranes (order parameter) and artificial phospholipid membranes (lateral diffusion). Halothane had a biphasic action, low concentrations (0.64 mM) ordering and high concentrations (2.9 mM) fluidizing both types of membranes. A biphasic effect in phospholipid membranes was also seen with thiopental, 0.1 mM ordering and 10 mM fluidizing, whereas in synaptic plasma membranes both low and high concentrations caused an increased order in the lipid bilayer region. At high thiopental concentrations, a considerable number of molecules may have reacted with membrane proteins or accumulated in the highly fluidic hydrophobic interior region of the membrane without affecting the rotational movement of the labeled fatty acid. Lidocaine alone, or together with calcium chloride, at various concentrations to 10 mM had no significant effect, and a fluidizing effect of 1 mM calcium chloride was possibly a result of interaction of calcium chloride with the label. The results indicate that the three lipid-soluble anesthetics interact differently with the lipid part of membranes. Lidocaine did not seem to affect bilyer lipids, while thiopental and halothane in phospholipid vesicles and halothane alone in synaptic membranes caused a dose-dependent biphasic effect.

Temporal rhythms as outcomes of social practices:A speculative discussion

Abstract: In this article we argue that rushhours, hot spots and experiences of time squeeze are temporal manifestations of relations between practices. In describing these relations we explore the relevance of a range of metaphors, including those of organic, self-sustaining networks. In contrast to time use studies, which suggest that social rhythms follow from interaction between individuals, we argue that temporal rhythms are usefully characterised as outcomes of processes in which practices figure as “living” rather than asstable entities. Although illustrated with reference to empirical studies of daily life in Finland, this is in essence a speculative paper designed to provoke debate about how webs of social practice constitute the temporalities of contemporary society.

Mesoporous silica particles grafted with poly(ethyleneoxide- block - N -vinylcaprolactam)

Abstract: Mesoporous silica particles were grafted with thermoresponsive poly(ethyleneoxide-b-N-vinylcaprolactam), PEO-b-PVCL. N-vinylcaprolactam was first polymerized on particle surfaces using surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and then, the poly(ethyleneoxide) blocks were attached to the PVCL chain ends with click chemistry. The sizes, thermoresponsiviness, and colloidal stability of SiO2-PVCL and SiO2-PVCL-b-PEO particles and their aqueous dispersions were studied by scanning electron microscopy, turbidimetry, dynamic light scattering, zeta sizer, and microcalorimetry. The phase separation temperature of the PEO-b-PVCL grafted particles did not considerably differ from that of the SiO2-PVCL particles. The zeta potential of the grafted particles was close to zero at room temperature but decreased strongly upon heating. The decrease is related to the collapse of the PVCL blocks and correspondingly, the exposure of the silica surface toward the aqueous phase. The colloidal stability of the particles could be enhanced by adding PEO blocks to the chain ends of the PVCL grafts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 5012–5020