Academy of Finland

About: Academy of Finland is a government organization based out in Helsinki, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 286 authors who have published 419 publications receiving 15304 citations. The organization is also known as: Finlands Akademi & Suomen Akatemia.

The Effect of an Experimental Chewable Antiplaque Preparation Containing Chlorhexidine on Plaque and Gingival Index Scores

Abstract: This clinical cross-over trial investigated the effects of a chewable preparation containing chorhexidine-fluoride-xylitol, xylitol control tablets, or chlorhexidine mouthwash, twice daily, on plaque and gingival index scores of subjects refraining from mechanical cleaning of their teeth. Both preparations containing chlorhexidine were found to be efficient antiplaque agents when compared with the control. There was no statistically significant difference between the tablet preparation and conventional chlorhexidine rinsings with respect to the recorded parameters. Thus, an efficient antiplaque preparation can be made in tablet form, which may have advantages in instances where use of mouthwash solutions is impracticable.

A Method for Pooling Forecasts

Abstract: A group of experts is to produce a joint forecast of a set of unknowns. Each expert is asked to distribute subjectively a given sum of confidence weights over his own forecasts. A joint forecast is computed as the product sum of the individual forecasts and weights deduced from the individual's weights. A probabilistic interpretation of this procedure is provided and a measure of the reliability of the joint forecasts is suggested. A Bayesian variant can be constructed by introducing sample information.

Knowledge and wisdom in the information society

Abstract: Regarding the information society’s outcome, the only certainty is that there has been a revolution in the management of bit‐split knowledge and information. A flood of information has not significantly changed society in a direction or towards a state where a community could be characterized as a society of nearness, experience or citizenship, for example. Information and knowledge are probably the very concepts that have been confused most in the information society debate. Knowledge is to be understood as a phenomenon that is larger than information but uses information as its building material. Wisdom is additionally considered to include and cover the questions for which there are no unambiguous answers. It is wisdom that people use to estimate and distinguish good from evil and right from wrong. This is a task that calls for wisdom which computers do not have. Potential growth of wisdom in the information society is an issue that is difficult or impossible to say anything about with certainty. The reality of an information society includes the fact that wisdom is connected to moral and ethical judgements, and that the solutions are not always stronger than the powerseeking choices or egoistic interests of individuals, businesses, communities or states. Even if wisdom should promote the common good, it seems to be used, to an equal degree, to exclusively promote the good of the wise individual. But is it still wisdom we are talking about?