Showing papers by "American University in Cairo published in 1996"
TL;DR: The coming of a post-Islamist society is discussed in this article, where the authors describe the coming of Islamism in the Middle East. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 43-52
Abstract: (1996). The coming of a post‐Islamist Society. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 5, No. 9, pp. 43-52.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the number of wick layers on the effective thermal conductivity and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat pipes have been investigated, and it was found that the flow behavior of the working fluid depends on the wicking structures and number of Wicks layers.
Abstract: Several heat pipes were designed and manufactured to study the effect of the working fluids, container materials, and the wick structures on the heat transfer mechanism of the heat pipes. Also, the effect of the number of wick layers on the effective thermal conductivity and the heat transfer characteristics of the heat pipes have been investigated. It was found that the flow behavior of the working fluid depends on the wicking structures and the number of wick layers. The heat transfer characteristics and the effective thermal conductivity are related directly to the flow behavior. Increasing the number of wick layers (up to 16 layers) increases the heat flux with smaller temperature differences. The flattening phenomena of the thermal resistance was observed after 16 wicks layers due to the entrainment limit.
89 citations
01 Oct 1996
TL;DR: The main aim of this study is to solve the problem of optimal resource leveling for multi source projects and a computer program was developed as an aid to the analysis of the model.
Abstract: The main aim of this study is to solve the problem of optimal resource leveling for multi source projects. This work focuses on resource leveling. The mathematical model developed can handle multi-resource projects. To help solve multi-resource projects a computer program was developed as an aid to the analysis of the model.
48 citations
44 citations
01 Jan 1996
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present and evaluate the current structural reform program adopted by the Egyptian Government in order to abide by the requirements of international agencies, which aims at improving the performance of state-owned enterprises for the purpose of improving their saleability.
Abstract: Presents and evaluates the current structural reform programme adopted by the Egyptian Government in order to abide by the requirements of international agencies. The programme aims at improving the performance of state‐owned enterprises for the purpose of improving their saleability. Long‐term objectives include improving efficiency and export potential of Egyptian industry. The programme covers the areas of finance, physical assets and the management systems of companies. Contends that effects of the programme are still inhibited by the inefficiency of the Egyptian bureaucracy.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method for ultimate strength analysis of steel-concrete composite beams with unreinforced rectangular web openings is presented, which accounts for the contribution of the concrete slab to the shear strength of the composite beam.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the response behavior of a semi-empirical inflation-unemployment model with an appropriate nonlinearity is examined and stability boundaries delineating regions of stable equilibrium points and periodic cycles as well as chaotic behavior are determined.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a model is developed to describe the influence of carbide precipitation during creep on the behavior of the material under different creep temperatures and stresses, and the model gives accurate predictions of the creep behavior of material in the range of stresses and temperatures used in the present study.
Abstract: The creep behavior of alloy 800HT was studied at 700 °, 800 °, and 900 ° under stresses ranging from 30 to 170 MPa. Samples that were tested in the as-quenched condition after solution treatment exhibited longer creep life than those that were overaged before testing. This difference in creep life was found to increase at lower creep stresses at a given temperature. This phenomenon is attributed to the precipitation of M23C6carbides during the early stages of creep, which strengthen the material by exerting threshold stresses on moving dislocations and thereby reducing the creep rate. A model is developed to describe the influence of carbide precipitation during creep on the behavior of the material under different creep temperatures and stresses. Comparison with the experimental results shows that the model gives accurate predictions of the creep behavior of the material in the range of stresses and temperatures used in the present study. In addition to its predictive value, the model is useful in understanding the factors that affect the creep behavior of materials when precipitation of hard phases is taking place during creep. The strengthening effect of particle precipitation during creep, as represented by the value of the threshold stress, is shown to be a complex function of the supersaturation of the matrix, the applied creep stress, and the test temperature.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the availability of K-out-of-N systems subject to M failure modes is analyzed and closed form solutions of the steady-state probabilities of the systems and hence the availability are calculated.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an updated Lagrangian, elasto-plastic large strain finite element code is used to simulate the process of upsetting of disks and rings with full account of the frictional contact boundary conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, a three dimensional thermo-mechanical tool/chip model is presented to simulate the intermittent end milling cutting process using a high speed steel tool, which predicts the temperature distribution, thermal stresses as well as the mechanical stresses induced in the tool and the chip during both the cutting and non cutting periods.
TL;DR: The last day of June 1995 saw the completion of the review of the Lome Convention, a comprehensive trade and aid relationship between the European Union and 70 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The last day of June 1995 saw the completion of the review of the Lome Convention, a comprehensive trade and aid relationship between the European Union and 70 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states. Given that the Lome regime is one of the most long lived and comprehensive arrangements in North‐South relations it might have been expected that there would have been a considerable reaction by those interested in development issues. In fact, the general reaction has been muted. This is because there is a certain lack of enthusiasm for Lome, not least on the part of powerful forces in the EU. It has been suggested that the Convention is in decline due to waning EU commitment to development in the ACP states. In this article we shall examine whether or not the Lome relationship is actually being allowed to die on the vine by the EU. First, we shall examine developments over the history of the relationship in order to discern trends that have emerged over the longer term. We shall then turn to the recent ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the existence of fractal basin boundaries has important implications as regards policy formulation, such that uncertainties in the specification of the initial conditions, or indeed parameter values, might result in long-term unpredictability.
Abstract: In this paper we have examined how in nonlinear economic systems the existence of fractal basin boundaries have important implications as regards policy formulation. We have shown that in situations where several stable steady-state solutions coexist basin boundaries may be highly intertwined, such that uncertainties in the specification of the initial conditions, or indeed parameter values, might result in long-term unpredictability. This has important policy implications since uncertainty in determining the present state of the economy may lead to great difficulty in predicting its future state.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the characteristics of equilibrium in a bargaining economy with both patient and impatient agents and the possibility of intermediation arising in such an economy and showed that the equilibrium in the unmediated economy is inefficient if the proportion of impatient agents is sufficiently high.
TL;DR: In this paper, the long-term efficiency of agricultural workers is sensitive to current wages via consumption, and when urban wages increase and migration becomes correspondingly more attractive, rural employers reduce their wage offers.
TL;DR: It is shown that an optimal policy gives priority to class-0 jobs at node 1 when at least one of a set ofm−1 inequalities on partial sums of the components of the state vector is satisfied, which would minimize the total discounted holding cost over a finite or an infinite horizon.
Abstract: We consider a problem of scheduling in a multi-class network of single-server queues in series, in which service times at the nodes are constant and equal. Such a model has potential application to automated manufacturing systems or packet-switched communication networks, where a message is divided into packets (or cells) of fixed lengths. The network is a series-type assembly or transfer line, with the exception that there is an additional class of jobs that requires processing only at the first node (class 0). There is a holding cost per unit time that is proportional to the total number of customers in the system. The objective is to minimize the (expected) total discounted holding cost over a finite or an infinite horizon. We show that an optimal policy gives priority to class-0 jobs at node 1 when at least one of a set ofm−1 inequalities on partial sums of the components of the state vector is satisfied. We solve the problem by two methods. The first involves formulating the problem as a (discrete-time) Markov decision process and using induction on the horizon length. The second is a sample-path approach using an interchange argument to establish optimality.
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Despite occasional assertions to the contrary, no convincing evidence has been found of guinea-worm disease (dracunculiasis) being transmitted in humans in Egypt during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Abstract: Despite occasional assertions to the contrary, no convincing evidence has been found of guinea-worm disease (dracunculiasis) being transmitted in humans in Egypt during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The confusion appears to be caused mainly by imported cases and the incidence of the disease in animals.
TL;DR: Euclid discusses the ex aequali relation twice in the Elements as discussed by the authors, in Book V (based on definitions 17 and 18, propositions 22 and 23), during his discussion of arithmetical relations between mathematical magnitudes in general.
Abstract: Euclid discusses the ex aequali relationship twice in the Elements. The first is in Book V (based on definitions 17 and 18, propositions 22 and 23), during his discussion of arithmetical relations between mathematical magnitudes in general. The second is in Books VII–IX (developed using proposition VII,14), where he focuses on arithmetical relations in the case of numbers only. Although the distinction between mathematical magnitudes in general and numbers in particular often seems somewhat forced to contemporary philosophers, it was apparently very real to Euclid. Because Euclid seemed so conscious of the differences between the subject matter of Book V (magnitudes) and Books VII–IX (numbers), he was not much troubled by the differences between his treatment of ex aequali ratios in these two contexts. Later generations of mathematicians, however, found these differences less acceptable and tried to minimize them in various ways. This paper summarizes Euclid's use of the ex aequali relation in developing his mathematics. The paper then outlines the fate of the post-Theonine Greek attempts to “improve” the Euclidean discussion when the Elements entered the Arabic/Islamic intellectual tradition. The study concludes with the attempts by Ibn al-Hayṯam and Ibn al-Sarī to improve the parallelism between the discussions of ex aequali ratios in Book V and Book VII.
TL;DR: It is shown numerically that the optimal assignment policy is characterized by a switching curve and monotonic in the following senses: if it is optimal to switch from queue one to queue two, then it is ideal to continue serve queue two whenever the number of customers in queue one or in queue two decreases or increases, respectively.
TL;DR: In this paper, a critique Ijmali de la science occidentale developpee par Z. Sardar denonce la transgression morale de la conception du monde voulue par Allah and souleve la question de la limitation of la science moderne par les enseignements de la religion islamique contenus dans le Coran.
Abstract: L'A. souleve la question de la limitation de la science moderne par les enseignements de la religion islamique contenus dans le Coran. La critique Ijmali de la science occidentale developpee par Z. Sardar denonce la transgression morale de la conception du monde voulue par Allah
TL;DR: In this paper, a new process of treating soil with low-concentration cationic and anionic polyacrylamides with cross-linking aluminum citrate in a cyclic way with particular sequencing is introduced.
Abstract: Chemical grouting of permeable soils with highly concentrated low-molecular-weight polymeric solutions greatly reduces the permeability. However, a toxicity problem arose from these chemicals. A new process of treating soil with low-concentration cationic and anionic polyacrylamides with cross-linking aluminum citrate in a cyclic way with particular sequencing is introduced. The new process provides effective control of permeability and eliminates the risk of toxicity. A total of 25 one-dimensional flow laboratory tests were carried out on sand. The effect of three anionic-type polyacrylamides having different molecular weights on the number of cycles required to attain a significant reduction in permeability was investigated. Controlled volumes of chemical flood solutions having four levels of concentration were injected to inspect the impact of concentration on the gel distribution. The effects of water flow and time factor on gel stability were studied. The results of these runs demonstrate the effecti...
TL;DR: In this article, the case of permanent capillar-heavy waves in circular shaped channels is considered and a general computational method for constructing the solutions numerically given by the author is presented.
Abstract: E. Zeidler gave an existence and uniqueness proof for permanent heavy and capillar-heavy waves in circular shaped channels. Based on this proof and on a general computational method for constructing the solutions numerically given by the author, the case of permanent heavy waves in circular shaped channels was recently computed by the author. In this work the case of permanent capillar-heavy waves in circular shaped channels is considered.
TL;DR: It is shown that adaptive 2D vector quantization of a fast discrete cosine transform of images using Kohonen neural networks outperforms other Kohonen vector quantizers in terms of quality (i.e. less distortion).
Abstract: The process of reconstructing an original image from a compressed one is a difficult problem, since a large number of original images lead to the same compressed image and solutions to the inverse problem cannot be uniquely determined. Vector quantization is a compression technique that maps an input set of k-dimensional vectors into an output set of k-dimensional vectors, such that the selected output vector is closest to the input vector according to a selected distortion measure. In this paper, we show that adaptive 2D vector quantization of a fast discrete cosine transform of images using Kohonen neural networks outperforms other Kohonen vector quantizers in terms of quality (i.e. less distortion). A parallel implementation of the quantizer on a network of SUN Sparcstations is also presented.