CABI

About: CABI is a nonprofit organization based out in Wallingford, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Introduced species. The organization has 789 authors who have published 1759 publications receiving 73843 citations. The organization is also known as: Centre for Biosciences and Agriculture International.

Actual and potential distribution of an invasive canola pest, Meligethes viridescens (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), in Canada

Abstract: Meligethes viridescens (Fabricius), le coleoptere des fleurs du colza, est un ravageur commun de colza oleagineaux [Brassica napus L. et Brassica rapa L. (Brassicaceae)] dans la sous-region de l'ouest palearctique. L'etablissement de M. viridescens dans l'est de l'Amerique du Nord suscite des inquietudes parce qu'il represente un risque pour l'industrie de colza du Canada ou l'on cultive jusqu'a 4 millions d'hectares de colza d'ete, B. napus et B. rapa, chaque annee. L'etude de specimens de musee indique que M. viridescens est d'abord apparu en Nouvelle-Ecosse en 1947. Les etudes sur le terrain ont demontre qu'en 2001, M. viridescens a progresse vers l'ouest jusqu'a Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec. Un modele CLIMEX MD a ete elabore et valide en Europe avec des donnees sur la repartition reelle de M. viridescens. Au Canada, le modele predit qu'une fois introduit, le ravageur peut facilement survivre dans les zones de culture de colza. La repartition actuelle de M. viridescens dans l'est du Canada correspond bien a la repartition predite par le modele. La dispersion vers l'ouest et l'etablissement de M. viridescens dans les zones de culture de colza de l'Ontario et de l'ouest canadien, particulierement dans le sud du Manitoba, semblent inevitables. La colonisation de ces regions pose un risque de pertes considerables pour les producteurs de colza.

CABI/EPPO distribution maps of plant pests and plant diseases and their important role in plant quarantine

Abstract: Never before has the need for accurate distribution data for plant pests been so important. CAB International (CABI) and EPPO are international organizations with a long history and strong involvement in collating and disseminating information on the global distribution of plant pests. Distribution Maps of Plant Pests and Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, first published in 1951 and 1942, respectively, are respected, referenced sources of such data, expertly compiled and validated and used by plant health organizations around the world. They have been joint CABI/EPPO publications since 1997, and provide an essential complement to expanding knowledge on plant pest distribution. The Distribution Maps continue to be the most authoritative sources of information on the presence and extent of specific plant pests, sourced from the 4.5 million records in CAB Abstracts as a basis and numerous other sources. They also feed directly into CABI's Crop Protection Compendium (CPC) and EPPO's Plant Quarantine Data Retrieval System (PQR) databases. Their history, compilation and value are discussed.

Scaling up effects of measures mitigating pollinator loss from local- to landscape-level population responses

Abstract: 1. Declining pollinator populations have caused concern about consequences for food production, and have initiated an increasing number of initiatives that aim to mitigate pollinator loss through enhancement of floral resources. Studies evaluating effects of mitigation measures generally demonstrate positive responses of pollinators to floral resource enhancement. However, it remains unclear whether this represents landscape-level population effects or results from a spatial redistribution of individuals from otherwise unaffected populations. 2. Here we present a method for estimating landscape-level population effects using data from commonly used standardized pollinator transect surveys. The approach links local density responses of pollinators in both mitigation sites and surrounding landscape elements to the area these habitats occupy in mitigation landscapes as well as control landscapes to obtain landscape-level population estimates. 3. We demonstrate the method using data from a two-year study examining the effects of experimental wildflower enhancements on wild bumble bees and solitary bees in Dutch agricultural landscapes. The results show that conclusions based on local responses may differ significantly from those based on landscape-level responses. 4. Wildflower enhancements significantly enhanced landscape-level abundance of both bumble bees and solitary bees. Bumble bees showed a pronounced positive local density response in mitigation sites and the surrounding landscape that was in line with significant landscape-level increases in abundance. However, solitary bees showed no local response to mitigation sites, and the landscape-level increases in abundance only became apparent when the area of bee habitat was taken into account. 5. Incorporating the area of both newly created and pre-existing pollinator habitats into effect estimates accounts for density-dependent processes such as dilution, spill-over and local concentration of individuals. It therefore results in more reliable estimates of the response to mitigation measures of pollinators, as well as other mobile arthropod groups that are often being surveyed using transect surveys.