Showing papers by "Cabot Corporation published in 2014"

Investigation of PF6− and TFSI− anion intercalation into graphitized carbon blacks and its influence on high voltage lithium ion batteries

Abstract: Graphitized carbon blacks have shown a more promising electrochemical performance than the non-treated ones when being applied in small amounts as conductive additives in composite cathode electrodes for lithium ion batteries, due to the absence of surface functional groups which contribute to detrimental side-reactions with the electrolyte. Here, we report that at high potentials of >4.5 V vs. Li/Li+, graphitic structures in carbon black can provide host sites for the partially reversible intercalation of electrolyte salt anions. This process is in analogy to the charge reaction of graphite positive electrodes in dual-ion cells. A standard furnace carbon black with small graphitic structural units, as well as slightly and highly graphitized carbon blacks, were characterized and analyzed with regard to anion intercalation. A LiPF6 containing organic solvent based electrolyte as well as a state-of-the-art ionic liquid based electrolyte composed of LiTFSI in PYR14TFSI were applied. The intercalation of both PF6− and TFSI− could be confirmed by cyclic voltammetry in electrodes made of carbon blacks. When exposed to high potentials, carbon blacks experienced strong activation in the 1st cycle, which promotes the perception for anion intercalation, and thus increases the anion intercalation capacity in the following cycles. The specific capacity from anion intercalation was evaluated by constant current charge–discharge cycling. The obtained capacity was proportional to the graphitization degree. As anion intercalation might be accompanied by decomposition reactions of the electrolyte, e.g., by co-intercalation of solvent molecules, it could induce the decomposition of the electrolyte inside the carbon and thus degradation of the carbon black graphitic structure. In order to avoid side reactions from surface groups and from anion intercalation, the thermal treatment of carbon blacks must be optimized.

Aerogel blanket and method of production

Abstract: A method of making a nonwoven wet laid aerogel blanket is provided. The aerogel blanket can exhibit improved thermal conductivity, lower corrosivity, lower dust production and a uniform structure. The blanket can be made from an aerogel floc that is formed from a slurry of aerogel particles.

Flocculation and Viscoelastic Behaviour in Carbon Black‐Filled Natural Rubber

Abstract: The process of particulate flocculation in natural rubber melts and subsequently crosslinked samples is investigated using carbon blacks of varying surface free energy, surface area and morphology. The surface free energies are varied via thermal treatment of the carbon blacks (graphitization). Reduction in surface free energy of the particulates accelerates the flocculation processes in the melt as measured by rheological experiments and reduces the percolation volume fraction threshold as determined by D/C conductivity measurements. The consequent effects on amplification of the small strain storage moduli of the crosslinked compounds are dramatic. Reduced polymer–filler interactions result in both an increased small strain modulus versus the unmodified carbon black-filled materials and an increased mechanical fragility of the fractal networks. Examination of the dynamic elastic moduli of crosslinked carbon black-filled samples loaded at volume fractions below the onset of network development reveal a significant temperature dependence isolated at the filler–rubber interface.

Conductive carbons for lithium ion batteries

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cathode formulations comprising a lithium ion-based electroactive material, and a carbon black, in which the carbon black is selected from one of: (i) a carbon black having an OAN ranging from 100 to 250 mL/100 g and a crystallite size (La) of at least 30 A, as determined by Raman spectroscopy; (ii) a carbon black having an OAN ranging from 100 to 300 mL/100 g and a surface energy of less than or equal to 10 mJ/m2; and (iii) a carbon black having an OAN ranging from 100 to 300 mL/100 g and a crystallite size (La) of at least 35 A, as determined by Raman spectroscopy. Also disclosed are cathodes comprising the cathode formulations, electrochemical cells comprising the cathodes, and methods of making the cathode formulations and cathodes.

Active materials for lithium ion batteries

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cathode formulations comprising a lithium ion-based electroactive material having a D 50 ranging from 1 μm to 6 μm; and carbon black having BET surface area ranging from 130 to 700 m 2 /g and an OAN ranging from 150 mL/100 g to 300 mL/100 g. Also disclosed are cathode formulations comprising a first lithium ion-based electroactive material having a particle size distribution of 1 μm ≤ D 50 < 5 μm, and a second lithium ion-based electroactive material having a particle size distribution of 5 μm < D 50 ≤ 15 μm. Cathodes comprising these active materials can exhibit a maximum pulse power in W/kg and W/L of the mixture higher than maximum pulse power of the first or second electroactive material individually, or an energy density in Wh/kg and Wh/L of the mixture higher than energy density of the first or second electroactive material individually. The cathode formulations can further comprise carbon black having BET surface area ranging from 130 to 700 m 2 /g- Also disclosed are cathodes comprising the cathode formulations, electrochemical cells comprising the cathodes, and methods of making the cathode formulations and cathodes.

Aqueous dispersions comprising nanocrystalline cellulose, and compositions for commercial inkjet printing

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aqueous ink compositions, e.g., inkjet ink compositions, comprising at least one colorant; and a nanocrystalline cellulose present in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. Also disclosed are aqueous dispersions for ink compositions, and methods of commercial inkjet printing.

Methods To Recover Cesium Or Rubidium From Secondary Ore

Abstract: A method to recover cesium, rubidium, or both from secondary ore is described and involves using scans and sorting techniques. Refined secondary ore is further described.

Pattern Formation of Charged Particles in an Electric Field

Abstract: The application of an electric field to a suspension of charged particles can lead to the formation of patterns due to electrohydrodynamic instabilities which remain poorly understood. We elucidate this behavior by visualizing the dynamics of charged carbon black particles suspended in a nonpolar solvent in response to an electric field. As the particles are transported across a microfluidic channel, an instability occurs in which the initially uniform, rapidly advancing particle front develops fingers. Furthermore, when the direction of the applied field is repeatedly switched, the particles localize into a remarkably well-defined periodic pattern which reflects an interplay between the fingering instability and particle diffusion.

Cross-sectional study on respiratory morbidity in workers after exposure to synthetic amorphous silica at five German production plants: exposure assessment and exposure estimates.

Abstract: OBJECTIVES Synthetic amorphous silicas (SASs) are nanostructured polymorphs of silicon dioxide. We compared two different exposure assessments. METHODS This study estimated cumulative exposure to inhalable SAS dust in 484 male workers from five German SAS-producing plants. Two procedures (P1 and P2) were applied. P1 was based on an expert assessment. P2 was a multiple exposure assessment (15 scenarios) anchored by a recent measurement series (1375 personal measurements of inhalable SAS dust concentration) and used expert assessments. RESULTS Cumulative exposure estimates for P1 averaged 56.9 mg/m·yrs (range, 0.1 to 419); for a selected P2 scenario, the mean was 31.8 mg/m·yrs (range, 0.4 to 480), (P < 0.0001). Averages varied between the 15 P2-scenarios from 12.6 to 109.6 mg/m·yrs. Different time trends for SAS concentrations were observed. CONCLUSIONS Both approaches suffer from considerable uncertainties that need to be considered in epidemiological studies.

Metal oxide-polymer composite particles for chemical mechanical planarization

Abstract: CMP processes, tools and slurries utilize metal oxide-polymer composite particles that include metal oxide particles and a polymer core. The metal oxide particles are modified with a modifying agent and are partially or fully embedded within the polymer core. Using these processes, tools and slurries can enhance removal rates, reduce defectivity and increase cleanability with respect to comparable systems and substrates.

Chemical mechanical planarization slurry composition comprising composite particles, process for removing material using said composition, cmp polishing pad and process for preparing said composition

Abstract: CMP processes, tools and slurries utilize composite particles that include core particles having organosilica particles disposed about the core particles. Using these processes, tools and slurries can enhance removal rates, reduce defectivity and increase cleanability with respect to comparable systems and substrates.

Aqueous pigment dispersions

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aqueous dispersions comprising: at least one pigment present in an amount of at least 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the dispersion, the at least one pigment being selected from oxidized carbon blacks and modified carbon blacks having attached at least one organic group; and at least one organic solvent present in an amount of at least 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the dispersion, the at least one organic solvent having a Hansen hydrogen bonding parameter (δ H ) ranging from 13 to 50 MPa 0.5 , and a Hansen polarity parameter (δ p ) ranging from 5 to 13 MPa 0.5 , wherein the dispersion is substantially free of a surfactant. Also disclosed are methods of preparing aqueous dispersions and injet ink compositions prepared from the same.

Coatings having filler-polymer compositions with combined low dielectric constant, high resistivity, and optical density properties and controlled electrical resistivity, devices made therewith, and methods for making same

Abstract: UV curable coatings containing dual phase filler-polymer compositions with high resistivity, low dielectric constant, good optical density, and controlled electrical resistivity are described, and cured coatings or films formed thereof, along with their use in black matrix, black column spacers, and other light shielding coating elements in LCD. Devices having these black matrices, black column spacers, and/or other light shielding coating elements, and methods of preparing and making these various materials and products are also described.

Method and apparatus for processing elastomer composite

Abstract: A method and configuration for automated operation of a two-roll mill. Also provided is a method for continuous or semi-continuous operation of a two-roll mill.

Core-shell polymeric materials

Abstract: Disclosed herein are particulate core-shell materials, comprising a core comprising a polyurethane; and a shell comprising a polyacrylate, wherein the shell coats the core. Also disclosed are methods of making particulate core-shell materials, and aqueous dispersions and inkjet ink compositions comprising the same.

Elastomer composites, blends and methods for preparing same

Abstract: Blends of elastomer composites with unfilled or less highly filled elastomer reduces hysteresis without compromising reinforcement. Hysteresis may also be reduced by adjusting the compounding method.

A method for producing carbon black using an extender fluid

Abstract: Methods for the production of carbon black using an extender fluid(s) are provided as well as methods to control one or more particle properties of carbon black utilizing extender fluids and other techniques.

Methods To Recover Cesium Formate From A Mixed Alkali Metal Formate Blend

Abstract: Methods to recover or separate cesium formate or rubidium formate or both from a mixed alkali metal formate blend are described. One method involves adding cesium sulfate or rubidium sulfate to the mixed alkali metal formate blend in order to preferentially precipitate potassium sulfate from the mixed alkali metal formate blend. Another method involves adding cesium carbonate or cesium bicarbonate or both to preferentially precipitate potassium carbonate/bicarbonate and/or other non-cesium or non-rubidium metals from the mixed alkali metal blend. Further optional steps are also described. Still one other method involves converting cesium sulfate to cesium hydroxide.

Methods to Separate Brine From Invert Emulsions Used in Drilling and Completion Fluids

Abstract: Methods to separate or recover brine that is present in an invert emulsion are described. The brine is present as an internal phase in the invert emulsion. The brine can be a valuable component, such as an alkali metal formate, and separation and recovering of the brine from the invert emulsion permits the brine to be reused.

Self supporting areogel insulation

Abstract: A self-supporting aerogel structure is provided. The structure comprises a plurality of aerogel particles adhered together with an adhesive to produce a material exhibiting low heat transfer and high transmission of visible light. The aerogel particles can be coated with a polymer or pre-polymer and remain free flowing until they are activated to complete polymerization.

Liner elements with improved wear-life for grinding operations

Abstract: Some of the embodiments described herein relate to liner elements such as lifter bars that can be used in grinding mills. In one example, a lifter bar has a top elastomeric layer and a bottom elastomeric layer, the composition of the top elastomeric layer being different from that of the bottom elastomeric layer. In another example, a lifter bar is constructed from carbon black-reinforced natural rubber and has a leading face and a protrusion at a top region of the leading face. In a further example, a lifter bar is fabricated from carbon black-reinforced natural rubber and has a leading face geometry such that face angle θ remains 25° or less over an operational period measured form the time the lifter bar is new, until the height of the lifter bar is reduced by a certain amount, e.g., by 80%. Also disclosed are methods for manufacturing an elastomeric liner element and for grinding an ore.

Composites d'elastomeres, melanges de ceux-ci et methodes de preparation

Abstract: Melanges composites d'elastomeres comprenant des elastomeres non charges ou faiblement charges reduisant l'hysterese sans compromettre le renforcement. L'hysterese peut egalement etre reduite en ajustant le procede de mise en œuvre.

Carbon black for waterborne coatings

Abstract: An aqueous carbon black millbase, an aqueous carbon black liquid coating, and a method of making the millbase and liquid coating are provided. The carbon blacks are modified carbon blacks that are engineered to be able to be stirred into an aqueous vehicle without high energy milling of the carbon black. The modified carbon blacks include low organic treatment levels and the millbase and liquid coating do not require large quantities of dispersant. The resulting coatings exhibit excellent viscosity, color, hiding power and stability.

Composite particles and a process for making the same

Abstract: The invention provides composite particles comprising core particles having organosilica particles disposed about the core particles. The invention also provides a process for making the composite particles.

Colloidal Silica/Poly(Methacrylsiloxane) Nanocomposite Particles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Toners.

Abstract: We report on a new class of materials for laser printer toner applications. These materials were prepared from methacrysilane-in-water emulsions stabilized with colloidal silica particles. In this elegant system, the colloidal silica particles reside at the water/oil interface helping to emulsify the oil droplet, self-organizing into a raspberry-like morphology. The emulsion formation is followed by free-radical polymerization, hydrophobic treatment, and drying steps. This one pot synthesis in water affords a hydrophobic material with a particle size in the range of 80 to 300 nm. The particle size could be fine-tuned by changing the oil-to-silica mass ratio or by using colloidal silica particles of different sizes. Results of material characterization by solid-state NMR, electron microscopy, and particle size measurements methods will be presented. Examples of possible extensions of the synthesis towards materials with methacrylsilane partially substituted with other methacrylates will be provided. Application of the new material in toners will be described as will the comparison of its performance with the incumbent material - hydrophobic colloidal silica.

Pigment composites comprising synergists and polymer coatings

Abstract: Disclosed herein are composite particles comprising; a pigment; at least one ionic synergist adsorbed to the pigment surface; and at least one ionic polymer coating the pigment surface comprising the at least one synergist, wherein the at least one synergist and the at least one polymer have opposing charges, and wherein in the composite, a total charge of the at least one polymer is greater than a total charge of the at least one synergist. Also disclosed are dispersions and inkjet ink compositions comprising composite particles.