Center for Global Development

About: Center for Global Development is a nonprofit organization based out in Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Poverty & Population. The organization has 1472 authors who have published 3891 publications receiving 162325 citations.

China's collective forest tenure reform and the future of the giant panda.

Abstract: China has recently reformed its system of collective forest tenure to allow commercial logging, increased collection of firewood and nontimber forest products by outside enterprises, unmanaged tourism, and certain types of industrial development to occur in collective forests where these activities were previously restrained. The reform would also allow private or public agencies to buy back certain development rights from communities for conservation purposes (“eco-compensation”). We examine the impacts that the tenure reform could have on the survival of the giant panda, with or without eco-compensation in place. We estimate that $1,229 million in effective eco-compensation payments could prevent an estimated 15% decline in the giant panda population, whereas an additional $3,707 million for effective eco-compensation and restoration of potential habitat could restore the giant panda population to an estimated 40% above current levels. Specifically, we identify 14 key areas that link fragmented panda populations and habitats, and where approximately $779 million is needed for eco-compensation, matched with an additional investment of $131 million for the restoration of native forest habitat.

Ecosystem services and fictitious commodities

Abstract: There is a great deal of discussion in conservation about the possibility of quantifying and paying for the services to societies that nature performs. Functions such as carbon sequestration and water provision can be valued and payments made for them. Advocates argue that payments for ecological/environmental services (PES) will generate substantial sums, render environmental values legible to politicians and make protecting nature common sense to rational people.

Isavuconazole Therapy Protects Immunosuppressed Mice from Mucormycosis

Abstract: We studied the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of the investigational drug isavuconazole against mucormycosis due to Rhizopus delemar. Isavuconazole was effective, with MIC and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranging between 0.125 and 1.00 μg/ml. A high dose of isavuconazole prolonged the survival time and lowered the tissue fungal burden of cyclophosphamide/cortisone acetate-treated mice infected with R. delemar and was as effective as a high-dose liposomal amphotericin B treatment. These results support the further development of this azole against mucormycosis.

First dose in children: physiological insights into pharmacokinetic scaling approaches and their implications in paediatric drug development.

Abstract: Dose selection for “first in children” trials often relies on scaling of the pharmacokinetics from adults to children Commonly used approaches are physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) and allometric scaling (AS) in combination with maturation of clearance for early life In this investigation, a comparison of the two approaches was performed to provide insight into the physiological meaning of AS maturation functions and their interchangeability The analysis focused on the AS maturation functions established using paracetamol and morphine paediatric data after intravenous administration First, the estimated AS maturation functions were compared with the maturation functions of the liver enzymes as used in the PBPK models Second, absolute clearance predictions using AS in combination with maturation functions were compared to PBPK predictions for hypothetical drugs with different pharmacokinetic properties The results of this investigation showed that AS maturation functions do not solely represent ontogeny of enzyme activity, but aggregate multiple pharmacokinetic properties, as for example extraction ratio and lipophilicity (log P) Especially in children younger than 1 year, predictions using AS in combination with maturation functions and PBPK were not interchangeable This highlights the necessity of investigating methodological uncertainty to allow a proper estimation of the “first dose in children” and assessment of its risk and benefits

Asian local currency bond markets

Abstract: The liquidity of Asian local currency bond markets varies with overall size, turnover, issue size and dispersion of holdings. Recently, returns on higher-yielding instruments have led local currency bonds to outperform US Treasuries in aggregate.