Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

About: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences is a nonprofit organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 8107 authors who have published 7929 publications receiving 92095 citations. The organization is also known as: Zhōngguó shuǐchǎn Kēxuéyánjiūyuàn & Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences.

A quick method to calculate QTL confidence interval

Abstract: There is much interest in the nature of the genetic variation for quantitative traits, and mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) is a method to reveal it (Mackay 2001). Once a QTL is identified, interest turns to determining the confidence interval (CI) of QTL location, which is a useful guide for further experimental design and analysis to reveal the real molecular nature of the variation of quantitative traits. The classic method to determine the CI of QTL location is nonparametric bootstrap suggested by Visscher et al. (1996). A series of bootstrap samples are formed by withdrawing observations randomly with replacement from the observed data, and then mapping to detect QTL at each putative position. These positions with largest test statistics of each bootstrap sample form the bootstrap distribution of QTL location. The 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles are lower limit and upper limit of 95% QTL confidence interval. Although bootstrap is timedemanding, especially for large complex populations, it has been used frequently. Some authors’ investigation showed that bootstrap CI provide appropriate coverage (Walling et al. 1998, 2002). However, some authors’ investigation showed that bootstrap CI behave poorly (Manichaikul et al. 2006). So the bootstrap CI is not very stable, perhaps because of the unusual character of distributions obtained in applications (Sugiyama et al. 2001). Bennewitz et al. (2002) presented three methods of permutation bootstrapping, which is a modification of traditional nonparametric bootstrap, to improve the precision of the CI and showed that CI will be short and less biased in a large number of simulated configurations, if the impact of markers was corrected. A quick method to determine the CI of a QTL location is to use 1-LOD and 2-LOD support intervals as 95% and 99% CI (Lander and Botstein 1989). Supposing the largest LOD score is y, then the largest (smallest) position on the left (right) of QTL where LOD score less than y-x is lower

TG–FTIR–MS analysis of the pyrolysis of blended seaweed and rice husk

Abstract: Pyrolysis of seaweed (Enteromorpha clathrata), rice husk, and five kinds of samples of blended Enteromorpha clathrata and rice husk (at different mass ratios as 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) was investigated with thermogravimetric–infrared–mass spectrometry analysis. The results indicated that the pyrolysis of seaweed and rice husk can be divided into four stages: evaporation, depolymerization, devolatilization, and carbonization. However, due to the major pyrolysis component differences between seaweed and rice husk, the pyrolysis characteristics between them varied significantly. Through differential scanning calorimetry analysis, seaweed showed a special exothermic reaction during the stage of precipitation of main volatiles, while the rice husk showed mainly an endothermic reaction in that process. But it appeared to be an exothermic process during pyrolysis of the seaweed and rice husk mixture. We can infer that there was mutual promotion between the seaweed and rice husk, and energy coupling was realized. Meanwhile, it can be concluded that the experimental value of thermal mass loss rate turns out to be higher than that of theoretical value in the process of the main stage of pyrolysis through the comparison between the experimental data and the theoretical data for calculated DTG curves in the pyrolysis of blended sample of different proportions of seaweed and rice husk. The FTIR analysis indicated that with the increasing proportion of the rice husk, the volatile gas, sulfurous gas, and nitrogen gas are decreasingly released from the process of pyrolysis. Judging from the thermogravimetric–mass spectrometry, the pyrolysis of the blended mixture of seaweed and rice husk has been affected because of the increasing amount of rice husk. This reduced the emission of NO, NO2, and SO2 gases which are released from the above process of pyrolysis. Therefore, for the pyrolysis of mixed seaweed and rice husk, there was actually a synergistic effect rather than the simple sum of the characteristics of the pyrolysis of different components.

The role of F1 ATP synthase beta subunit in WSSV infection in the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

Abstract: Knowledge of the virus-host cell interaction could inform us of the molecular pathways exploited by the virus. Studies on viral attachment proteins (VAPs) and candidate receptor proteins involved in WSSV infection, allow a better understanding of how these proteins interact in the viral life cycle. In this study, our aim was to find some host cellular membrane proteins that could bind with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Two proteins were evident by using a virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA) with WSSV. A protein with molecular weight 53 kDa, named BP53, was analyzed in this study, which was homologous with the F1-ATP synthase beta subunit by mass spectrometry analysis. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR was performed to identify the full-length cDNA of the bp53 gene. The resulting full-length gene consisted of 1836 bp, encoding 525 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 55.98 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence contained three conserved domains of the F1-ATP synthase beta subunit. BP53 was therefore designated the F1-ATP synthase beta subunit of L. vannamei. The binding of WSSV to BP53 were also confirmed by competitive ELISA binding assay and co-immunoprecipitation on magnetic beads. To investigate the function of BP53 in WSSV infection, it was mixed with WSSV before the mixture was injected intramuscularly into shrimp. The resulting mortality curves showed that recombinant (r) BP53 could attenuate WSSV infection. The results revealed that BP53 is involved in WSSV infection. Here is the first time showed the role of shrimp F1-ATP synthase beta subunit in WSSV infection.