Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

About: Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences is a nonprofit organization based out in Beijing, China. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 8107 authors who have published 7929 publications receiving 92095 citations. The organization is also known as: Zhōngguó shuǐchǎn Kēxuéyánjiūyuàn & Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences.

Vertical Segregation and Phylogenetic Characterization of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in the Sediment of a Freshwater Aquaculture Pond.

Abstract: Pond aquaculture is the major freshwater aquaculture method in China. Ammonia-oxidizing communities inhabiting pond sediments play an important role in controlling culture water quality. However, the distribution and activities of ammonia-oxidizing microbial communities along sediment profiles are poorly understood in this specific environment. Vertical variations in the abundance, transcription, potential ammonia oxidizing rate, and community composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in sediment samples (0–50 cm depth) collected from a freshwater aquaculture pond were investigated. The concentrations of the AOA amoA gene were higher than those of the AOB by an order of magnitude, which suggested that AOA, as opposed to AOB, were the numerically predominant ammonia-oxidizing organisms in the surface sediment. This could be attributed to the fact that AOA are more resistant to low levels of dissolved oxygen. However, the concentrations of the AOB amoA mRNA were higher than those of the AOA by 2.5–39.9-fold in surface sediments (0–10 cm depth), which suggests that the oxidation of ammonia was mainly performed by AOB in the surface sediments, and by AOA in the deeper sediments, where only AOA could be detected. Clone libraries of AOA and AOB amoA sequences indicated that the diversity of AOA and AOB decreased with increasing depth. The AOB community consisted of two groups: the Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas clusters, and Nitrosomonas were predominant in the freshwater pond sediment. All AOA amoA gene sequences in the 0–2 cm deep sediment were grouped into the Nitrososphaera cluster, while other AOA sequences in deeper sediments (10–15 and 20–25 cm depths) were grouped into the Nitrosopumilus cluster.

Effect of waterborne copper on the microstructures of gill and hepatopancreas in Eriocheir sinensis and its induction of metallothionein synthesis.

Abstract: Effects of different waterborne copper concentrations (0.00, 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, and 5.00 mg/l) on microstructures of gill and hepatopancreas, and in inducing metallothionein (MT) synthesis were studied in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinennsis. The results indicated that copper accumulation caused histologic damage to gill and hepatopancreas and induced MT synthesis in hepatopancreas. No significant differences were found in microstructures between 0.01 mg/l copper treatment and the control group. Exposure to copper concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 mg/l for 10 days resulted in irregularly thickened lamella, enlarged haemocoels, increased hemocytes, and damaged or disassembled epithelia in gill. Similarly, in hepatopancreas, the spaces of the small blind tubules decreased, and nuclei of the epithelia were karyopycnosised or karyorhexised. Also, the basement membranes were rumpled or even ruptured, with new vacuoles formed between the basement membrane and the simple columnar epithelia. MT measurements showed no significant differences in MT contents between the control group and the group treated with 0.01 mg/l waterborne copper. Maximum MT content was observed at the treatment level of 0.10 mg/l waterborne copper.

Cloning and functional analysis of three diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Abstract: Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the final and only committed acylation step in the synthesis of triacylglycerols. In this study, three novel AhDGATs genes were identified and isolated from peanut. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that the AhDGAT1-2 transcript was more abundant in roots, seeds, and cotyledons, whereas the transcript abundances of AhDGAT1-1 and AhDGAT3-3 were higher in flowers than in the other tissues examined. During seed development, transcript levels of AhDGAT1-1 remained relatively low during the initial developmental stage but increased gradually during later stages, peaking at 50 days after pegging (DAP). Levels of AhDGAT1-2 transcripts were higher at 10 and 60 DAPs and much lower during other stages, whereas AhDGAT3-3 showed higher expression levels at 20 and 50 DAPs. In addition, AhDGAT transcripts were differentially expressed following exposure to abiotic stresses or abscisic acid. The activity of the three AhDGAT genes was confirmed by heterologous expression in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae TAG-deficient quadruple mutant. The recombinant yeasts restored lipid body formation and TAG biosynthesis, and preferentially incorporated unsaturated C18 fatty acids into lipids. The present study provides significant information useful in modifying the oil deposition of peanut through molecular breeding.