Showing papers by "Deakin University published in 1990"
TL;DR: The authors argue that TPE is based on ideologies of professionalism, scientism, and instrumental rationality, which articulate one-dimensional definitions of excellence in teaching, the body, and sport and also marginalize issues related to political and moral ends.
Abstract: As part of their quest to secure academic credibility, physical educators in Australia, Canada, Britain, and the United States have increasingly privileged empirical–analytical forms of research. We argue that this strategy has resulted in a montage of professional values and practices that we term technocratic physical education (TPE). We contend that TPE is based on ideologies of professionalism, scientism, and instrumental rationality, which articulate one-dimensional definitions of excellence in teaching, the body, and sport and also marginalize issues related to political and moral ends. By drawing on the traditions of critical pedagogy and reflective teaching, we suggest some ways in which the limits of TPE can be transcended in pre- and inservice teacher education curricula.
129 citations
TL;DR: However, despite these protestations there was never any law passed to prohibit white men from having sexual relations with black women as mentioned in this paper, and dozens of blacks were executed, both legally and extralegaily, for supposed "black peril" violations.
Abstract: ’Black peril’, incidents of alleged sexual violence by black men against white women, was at times a fully hysterical obsession amongst the white population of colonial Zimbabwe. Fear of ‘black peril’ spawned a wide range of legislation, including the prohibition of sexual relations between white women and black men. In addition, dozens of blacks were executed, both legally and extra‐legaily, for supposed ‘black peril’ violations. Yet for the most part, ‘black peril was a manufactured phenomenon, with the number of such cases being extremely small. In contrast, ‘white peril’, or sexual abuse of black women by white men, was far more frequent. These incidents rarely appear in either contemporary newspaper reports or colonial history. However, on many occasions white women and black men protested against the ignoring of the ‘white peril’. Despite these protestations there was never any law passed to prohibit white men from having sexual relations with black women. The main reason for the differing official ...
81 citations
TL;DR: Although of higher affinity, BHSar-SP does not appear greatly more selective than BHSP in its ability to define NK1 binding sites, and some differences in characteristics of NK1binding sites in brain and submandibular gland are revealed.
75 citations
TL;DR: From a nursing perspective, such an application of music as therapy to reduce fear and anxiety may be viewed as being highly relevant to the work of the anaesthetic nurse, with regard to a more individualized and holistic approach to patient care.
Abstract: Music, as an aesthetic and symbolic medium, has the ability to dispel much of the fear and anxiety associated with facing the unknown alone. As such it is an ideal support for patients undergoing surgery where a non-general anaesthetic is administered. However, it is important to consider whether, from the patient's perspective, the inclusion of music in such a situation is considered to be helpful. A pilot study conducted at an acute hospital involved interviewing 25 patients who, through an attitudinal scale and their interview responses, revealed positive support for the music that they listened to during their operation. Their remarks focused on the ability of the music, as a familiar personal and cultural medium, to ease their anxiety, to act as a distractor and to increase their threshold of pain. From a nursing perspective, such an application of music as therapy to reduce fear and anxiety may be viewed as being highly relevant to the work of the anaesthetic nurse, with regard to a more individualized and holistic approach to patient care.
75 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that it is the beef fat, not lean beef itself, that is associated with elevations in cholesterol concentrations and that lean beef can be included in cholesterol-lowering diets provided it is free of all visible fat and the saturated fatty acid content of the diet is low.
70 citations
TL;DR: This article identified the factors associated with stress arising from four aspects of the teaching role: time/work-load pressures, student factors, school administration/staff tensions, and employment/community factors.
Abstract: Questionnaire data collected from a sample of 238 Australian teachers drawn from primary and secondary, government and non-government schools, were used to identify the factors associated with stress arising from four aspects of the teaching role: time/work-load pressures, student factors, school administration/staff tensions, and employment/community factors. About a third of the teachers reported a considerably high level of job stress. The greatest sources of stress were time and work-load pressures, which were related to being female, permanently employed, committed to teaching, and seeing oneself as conscientious, shy and unhappy. Stress arising from student factors was related to being female, highly committed to teaching, degree-trained rather than certificate-trained, lacking masculinity and lacking self-sufficiency. System and community-related stress was associated with teaching higher grade levels, a perceived lack of promotional opportunities, being employed in the government rather than the n...
64 citations
TL;DR: A review of the main issues recurring in the literature relevant to sex differences in computing participation is provided in this article, where the authors draw on recent Australian and overseas research on computer participation.
Abstract: Drawing on recent Australian and overseas research, this review provides an overview of the main issues recurring in the literature relevant to sex differences in computing participation. The major...
59 citations
TL;DR: The authors examines the program and professional development process that has characterized past and current science curriculum reform effort in an attempt to illustrate fundamental educational reform problems, and argues that new methods of reform must be researched, which directly involve practitioners in critical reflection, participatory research, and science curriculum development.
Abstract: Changes in society and in science and technology have forced a rethinking of what is “basic” in science education. A perceived disjuncture between school science and the realities of a scientifically and technologically oriented society has resulted in proposals for new directions in science teaching. It appears that science education is about to undergo another paradigm shift. One particularly visible movement, the “Science-Technology-Society” (STS) movement, exemplifies how such directional shifts tend to occur within the field of science education. This article critically examines the program and professional development process that has characterized past and current science curriculum reform effort in an attempt to illustrate fundamental educational reform problems. The need for new directions in science education is uncontested here. The issue is the problematic nature of the reform process itself. The article contends that new methods of reform must be researched— methods that directly involve practitioners in critical reflection, participatory research, and science curriculum development.
58 citations
TL;DR: The underlying philosophical assumptions associated with the current vogue for humanistic and holistic approaches to nursing have not been subjected to systematic scrutiny, laying nursing open to the charge of being anti-scientific and even irrational.
50 citations
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that children from the two samples used similar strategies and made similar errors, with the order of relative difficulty being the same for both samples, the main factor determining difficulty being semantic structure of the questions.
Abstract: 2493 children aged from 5 to 15 years in 114 classes in 25 primary schools were asked to do a similar set of 22 arithmetic word problems. 1195 of the children were in Grades K through 6 in Victorian schools (Australia) and 1298 were in Grades 4 through 6 in Papua New Guinea (PNG) schools. For both samples the questions were posed in English. This was the first language for most children in the Victorian sample but, for the PNG sample, English was usually the second, third, or even fourth language (even though it is the language of instruction in PNG schools). While the test instrument was based on widely accepted information processing models of how children solve arithmetic word problems, the data obtained were not so much in accord with these models as with psycholinguistic theories on children's acquisition of polarised comparative pairs (like “more” and “less”). The data also indicate that children from the two samples used similar strategies and made similar errors, with the order of relative difficulty being the same for both samples, the main factor determining difficulty being the semantic structure of the questions. Differences in performance between corresponding grades from the two samples can be attributed to differences in the degree of English language competence rather than to numerical facility.
42 citations
TL;DR: In rat brain membranes, binding of BHSCYII and of the relatively unselective radioligand [125I]-Bolton-Hunter eledoisin (BHELE) was saturable, reversible and to an NK3 receptor, and the rank order of potency in inhibiting binding was SCYII greater than or equal to [MePhe7]-NKB approximately senktide greater than NKB.
TL;DR: An ethnographic study was conducted into the style of conversation registered nurses used with elderly residents during activities of morning care, seeing patterns of speech style seen to vary in relation to the physical procedure being carried out, and to function as an adjunct to the smooth execution of this physical activity.
Abstract: An ethnographic study was conducted into the style of conversation registered nurses used with elderly residents during activities of morning care. Speech was analysed into basic components of speech act categories (e.g. explanation, instruction, reassurance). Patterns of speech style were seen to vary in relation to the physical procedure being carried out, and to function as an adjunct to the smooth execution of this physical activity. However, they were also seen to have an important psychological function reflecting a particular way of relating. Some morning-care activities--the journey--were associated with a more personally engaging social interaction which appeared to be mutually beneficial to nurse and resident. Other approaches to morning care--the dissection--appeared to constrain the way the nurse interacted, producing a more formal style of relating. Findings were discussed in terms of optimal use of physical activities of nursing care to achieve greatest benefit in relation to the psychological needs of the resident, as addressed through verbal interaction.
TL;DR: This small isolated Aboriginal population from northern Australia had an unexpectedly high frequency of diabetes (in view of their relative leanness) in association with ahigh frequency of metabolic abnormalities indicative of insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia, IGT, hypertriglyceridemia).
Abstract: A small rural Aboriginal community in northern Australia was surveyed for diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), hyperinsulinemia, and lipid levels. Of the 122 adults >17 yr of age who participated (95% response rate), 11.5% had diabetes, 7.4% had IGT, and the remaining 81.1% had normal glucose tolerance. Both diabetes and IGT were strongly age related. This high frequency of diabetes occurred, despite the population being relatively lean. Although the body mass index (BMI) increased with age in both men and women, only 25% of the population overall had BMI >25 kg/m2. There were wide ranges of insulin responses to glucose, with the upper fertile of 2-h insulin levels being more than seven times higher than the lower fertile (144 ± 13 vs. 19 ± 1 mLI/L). Hyperinsulinemia was associated with IGT, elevated triglycerides, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Lipid abnormalities were much more frequent among men than women. Cholesterol levels were an average of 0.55 mM higher and triglycerides an average of 1.05 mM higher in men than in women, and both increased with age. In conclusion, this small isolated Aboriginal population from northern Australia had an unexpectedly high frequency of diabetes (in view of their relative leanness) in association with a high frequency of metabolic abnormalities indicative of insulin resistance (hyperinsulinemia, IGT, hypertriglyceridemia).
TL;DR: In this article, a simple non-calculus proof that the median minimizes the sum of the absolute deviations is given, based on the assumption that the norm of the median is fixed.
Abstract: (1990). A Simple Noncalculus Proof That the Median Minimizes the Sum of the Absolute Deviations. The American Statistician: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 38-39.
TL;DR: This article examined a number of mathematical genres that are accessible to students in primary and secondary mathematics classes and commonly-used textbooks and found that genre expectations are both limited and limiting, and argued that teachers should broaden the scope of task specification so that a wider range of mathematical genre is experienced in classrooms.
Abstract: The process writing movement in language education has informed current moves towards process methods in mathematics pedagogy. This has led to limited expectations of narrative recounts in students’ writing about mathematics. An examination of primary and secondary mathematics classes and commonly‐used textbooks shows that genre expectations are both limited and limiting. Given that mathematics is text, and that mathematicians need to operate competently within a number of different genres, it is argued that teachers should broaden the scope of task specification so that a wider range of mathematical genres is experienced in classrooms. This paper examines a number of mathematical genres that are accessible to students.
TL;DR: In this article, the equivalence scales are defined as measures of the relative incomes required by households of different size and composition to attain a similar standard of living, and are used in analysis of consumer expenditure patterns as well as in judging the appropriateness of the structure of income maintenance payments.
Abstract: Equivalence scales are measures of the relative incomes required by households of different size and composition to attain a similar standard of living, and are used in analysis of consumer expenditure patterns as well as in judging the appropriateness of the structure of income maintenance payments. The paper reviews equivalence scales previously derived for Australia and presents a range of new estimates based on the 1984 Household Expenditure Survey.
TL;DR: The microscopic model, which assumes that the movement of the protein occurs predominantly by radial diffusion to very small sites, would appear to explain the data more satisfactorily and be consistent with biologically important, homogeneous redox reactions which are known to be fast.
Abstract: The electrochemistry of the redox proteins, cytochrome c, cytochrome b5, plastocyanin and ferredoxin at modified gold electrodes has been examined on the basis that electron transfer takes place at electroactive sites which are microscopic in size. Using this model, it is now proposed that electrochemistry of these proteins occurs at suitably modified sites with fast rates at potentials near the standard redox potential. The microscopic model implies that redox proteins and enzymes take part in fast electron transfer at specific sites on the electrode, other sites being completely ineffective. This form of molecular recognition, i.e. the ability to discriminate between the different sites on an electrode surface, mimics homogeneous redox reactions wherein redox active proteins ‘recognize’ their biological partners in a very specific sense. Previously, protein electrochemistry has been interpreted via use of a macroscopic model in which the proteins are transported to the electrode surface by linear diffusion followed by quasi-reversible or irreversible electron transfer to the electrode surface. The microscopic model, which assumes that the movement of the protein occurs predominantly by radial diffusion to very small sites, would appear to explain the data more satisfactorily and be consistent with biologically important, homogeneous redox reactions which are known to be fast.
TL;DR: In this paper, the voltammetric diffusion-limited current was derived and the corresponding charge-versus-time relationship was derived on a small, inlaid, metal disc as a film.
TL;DR: The data suggest the existence of an unusual binding site which may represent a novel SP receptor, and it appears that Lys3 and/or Pro4 are critical for binding, suggesting an anionic binding site.
TL;DR: Although above-ground biomass was correlated with solar radiation, day length and maximum temperature, it was concluded that leaf growth rate is still a better correlate of seasonal change than biomass for Z. muelleri growing in south-eastern Australia.
TL;DR: The Microsoft mouse is described as a general-purpose response device for psychological experiments and a program that shows how the mouse can be programmed to record buttonpress, movement, and location responses is shown.
Abstract: In this paper, the Microsoft mouse is described as a general-purpose response device for psychological experiments. Source code is provided for two Turbo Pascal 5.0 units and a program that shows how the mouse can be programmed to record buttonpress, movement, and location responses. There is also a discussion of how the mouse can be used in reaction time studies.
TL;DR: The results of neurophysiological experiments on murine phrenic nerve hemi-diaphragm preparations were consistent with irreversible post-synaptic blockage of neuromuscular transmission by acanthophin d.
Abstract: 1. 1. A lethal neurotoxin (acanthophin d) was isolated from the venom of the Australian death adder snake Acanthophis antarcticus. 2. 2. Acanthophin d consisted of a single polypeptide chain of 74 amino acid residues cross-linked by five disulphide bridges. 3. 3. The results of neurophysiological experiments on murine phrenic nerve hemi-diaphragm preparations were consistent with irreversible post-synaptic blockage of neuromuscular transmission by acanthophin d.
TL;DR: A 30-item version of the Perceived Support for Innovation scale was completed by 30 employees from an engineering firm judged to be "innovative" by local businesspersons and 30 from a similar firm judged by these persons as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A 30-item version of the Perceived Support for Innovation scale was completed by 30 employees from an engineering firm judged to be ‘innovative’ by local businesspersons and 30 from a similar firm judged to be ‘noninnovative’ by these persons. Employees from the innovative firm obtained significantly higher mean scores than those from the noninnovative firm on each of the five subscales. Factor analysis of the responses of the two groups of employees both yielded a single general factor, rather than the five separate factors posited by the scale developers. Significant positive relationships were found between the scores on Perceived Support for Innovation and, respectively, job satisfaction, work motivation, and job involvement. These results are interpreted as providing some support for the validity of the inventory, beyond the school setting in which it was developed.
TL;DR: It is argued, that the medical model encourages the perception that the patient is "essentially and only their medical diagnosis," and to relate to patients 'as if' they are kidney, a broken leg, a gall stone, or an ulcer, is to dehumanize the person.
TL;DR: Two studies investigated the structure and demographic correlates of attitudes toward AIDS sufferers among adult Australians 18 to 75 years of age and found attitudes were found to be multidimensional, with similar dimensions being identified in both samples.
Abstract: Two studies investigated the structure and demographic correlates of attitudes toward AIDS sufferers among adult Australians 18 to 75 years of age. Attitudes were found to be multidimensional, with similar dimensions being identified in both samples. In both samples, men were found to be more prejudiced than women.
TL;DR: The findings support the thesis that hypnotizability may be one of a variety of predisposing factors in the development and maintenance of extreme attitudes towards eating and weight regulation.
Abstract: In this study we investigated the relationship between hypnotizability and attitudes towards food intake. One hundred and two female college students (mean age 21) completed the Eating Attitudes Test and the Goldfarb Fear-of-Fat Scale, and were assessed for hypnotizability on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. The results indicated that level of hypnotizability was related to attitudes toward food intake and the fear of becoming overweight. The findings support the thesis that hypnotizability may be one of a variety of predisposing factors in the development and maintenance of extreme attitudes towards eating and weight regulation. Implications for changing these attitudes are discussed.
TL;DR: The extremely sensitive catalytic hydrogen ion reduction wave observed after the formation of a platinum-formazone complex at a mercury electrode in a hydrazine-formaldehyde-H2SO4 medium has been utilised to determine platinum voltammetrically in well characterised platinum inorganic complexes and in biological, geological and water samples.
Abstract: The extremely sensitive catalytic hydrogen ion reduction wave observed after the formation of a platinum-formazone complex at a mercury electrode in a hydrazine-formaldehyde-H2SO4 medium has been utilised to determine platinum voltammetrically in well characterised platinum inorganic complexes (oxidation states 0, II and IV) and in biological, geological and water samples. Experimental conditions have been optimised and sample-treatment procedures for various matrices have been critically evaluated for the quantification of platinum by the standard additions method. The determination of platinum in geological samples by this method has been compared with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method. Both conventional and portable field-based instrumentation have been used in the studies, and the possibility of developing a field-based method for the determination of platinum has been investigated. Despite the inherent sensitivity of the method, which enables concentrations down to 0.01 p.p.b. to be detected in simple matrices, natural levels in water and biological materials, where matrix effects suppress the voltammetric response, are often below the detection limit.
TL;DR: The incorporation of platinum disk microelectrodes of various radii in a well-jet flow cell offers reduced limits of detection for the determination of copper in urine by flow injection analysis compared with standard methods based on a conventional sized glassy carbon disk macroelectrode in a thin-layer cell.
Abstract: The incorporation of platinum disk microelectrodes of various radii (2.5-50 microns) in a well-jet flow cell offers reduced limits of detection for the determination of copper in urine by flow injection analysis compared with standard methods based on a conventional sized glassy carbon disk macroelectrode (radius 1.5 mm), in a thin-layer cell. The radius of the platinum disk microelectrode was found to be critical with respect to both the limit of detection and flow rate dependence. An optimal radius value of 28 microns was found with detection limits increasing with both larger and smaller electrode radii. In contrast, as theoretically expected, a diminished flow rate dependence was observed the smaller the radii of the platinum disk microelectrodes. Sample cleanup and preparation is conveniently achieved by the use of Sep-Pak cartridges and formation of a copper dithiocarbamate complex. The metal complex is easily oxidized at platinum disk microelectrodes in acetonitrile, which was the solvent used in the flow injection method of analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, a four-electrode potentiostat/voltage clamp was constructed for ac impedance measurements. But the effect of stray capacitances upon the measurements is discussed and a convenient method of measurement is described.
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical study of the growth of liquid mercury formed by electrodeposition onto an inlaid disc is presented, and many different growth patterns are shown to be possible, depending on the magnitudes of the specific interfacial energies of the following interfaces: mercury/solution, mercury/disc, mercury-insulator, solution/insulator and solution/disc.