Institution
Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation
About: Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Weed. The organization has 445 authors who have published 352 publications receiving 12260 citations.
Topics: Population, Weed, Stocking, Crop yield, Introduced species
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: Nelson et al. as discussed by the authors combined hazard/impact modelling with a holistic measure of adaptive capacity to analyse the vulnerability of Australian rural communities to climate variability and change, and revealed a complex set of interacting environmental, economic and social factors contributing to vulnerability.
322 citations
••
TL;DR: This work examines the transmission dynamics of an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus, Hendra virus (HeV), in its endemic host, Australian Pteropus bats, and provides the first detailed mechanistic framework for understanding the sporadic temporal pattern of HeV emergence, and of the urban/peri-urban distribution of HeVs outbreaks in horses and people.
Abstract: Anthropogenic environmental change is often implicated in the emergence of new zoonoses from wildlife; however, there is little mechanistic understanding of these causal links. Here, we examine the transmission dynamics of an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus, Hendra virus (HeV), in its endemic host, Australian Pteropus bats (fruit bats or flying foxes). HeV is a biosecurity level 4 (BSL-4) pathogen, with a high case-fatality rate in humans and horses. With models parametrized from field and laboratory data, we explore a set of probable contributory mechanisms that explain the spatial and temporal pattern of HeV emergence; including urban habituation and decreased migration—two widely observed changes in flying fox ecology that result from anthropogenic transformation of bat habitat in Australia. Urban habituation increases the number of flying foxes in contact with human and domestic animal populations, and our models suggest that, in addition, decreased bat migratory behaviour could lead to a decline in population immunity, giving rise to more intense outbreaks after local viral reintroduction. Ten of the 14 known HeV outbreaks occurred near urbanized or sedentary flying fox populations, supporting these predictions. We also demonstrate that by incorporating waning maternal immunity into our models, the peak modelled prevalence coincides with the peak annual spill-over hazard for HeV. These results provide the first detailed mechanistic framework for understanding the sporadic temporal pattern of HeV emergence, and of the urban/peri-urban distribution of HeV outbreaks in horses and people.
287 citations
••
TL;DR: A generic cereal crop growth and development model is outlined here, designed to exhibit reliable predictive skill at the crop level while also introducing sufficient physiological rigour for complex phenotypic responses to become emergent properties of the model dynamics.
Abstract: Progress in molecular plant breeding is limited by the ability to predict plant phenotype based on its genotype, especially for complex adaptive traits. Suitably constructed crop growth and development models have the potential to bridge this predictability gap. A generic cereal crop growth and development model is outlined here. It is designed to exhibit reliable predictive skill at the crop level while also introducing sufficient physiological rigour for complex phenotypic responses to become emergent properties of the model dynamics. The approach quantifies capture and use of radiation, water, and nitrogen within a framework that predicts the realized growth of major organs based on their potential and whether the supply of carbohydrate and nitrogen can satisfy that potential. The model builds on existing approaches within the APSIM software platform. Experiments on diverse genotypes of sorghum that underpin the development and testing of the adapted crop model are detailed. Genotypes differing in height were found to differ in biomass partitioning among organs and a tall hybrid had significantly increased radiation use efficiency: a novel finding in sorghum. Introducing these genetic effects associated with plant height into the model generated emergent simulated phenotypic differences in green leaf area retention during grain filling via effects associated with nitrogen dynamics. The relevance to plant breeding of this capability in complex trait dissection and simulation is discussed.
283 citations
••
University of Massachusetts Amherst1, Agricultural Research Service2, University of California, Riverside3, University of Delaware4, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation5, University of Connecticut6, Cornell University7, University of Rhode Island8, Rhodes University9, University of Florida10, Chinese Academy of Sciences11, Landcare Research12, Engineer Research and Development Center13, University of Cape Town14, Natural Resources Canada15, Florida A&M University16, CABI17, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada18, University of Hawaii at Manoa19, University of Guam20, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture21, University of Minnesota22, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation23, United States Department of Agriculture24, Virginia Tech25, University of Idaho26
TL;DR: Ecosystem service protection was provided in the fewest cases by either insect or plant biological control agents, but was more likely to be provided by projects directed against invasive plants, likely because of the strong effects plants exert on landscapes.
282 citations
••
TL;DR: Changes in pH and ocean chemistry consistent with two scenarios put forward by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change drive major changes in gene expression, respiration, photosynthesis and symbiosis of the coral, Acropora millepora, before affects on biomineralisation are apparent at the phenotype level.
Abstract: As atmospheric levels of CO2 increase, reef-building corals are under greater stress from both increased sea surface temperatures and declining sea water pH. To date, most studies have focused on either coral bleaching due to warming oceans or declining calcification due to decreasing oceanic carbonate ion concentrations. Here, through the use of physiology measurements and cDNA microarrays, we show that changes in pH and ocean chemistry consistent with two scenarios put forward by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) drive major changes in gene expression, respiration, photosynthesis and symbiosis of the coral, Acropora millepora, before affects on biomineralisation are apparent at the phenotype level. Under high CO2 conditions corals at the phenotype level lost over half their Symbiodinium populations, and had a decrease in both photosynthesis and respiration. Changes in gene expression were consistent with metabolic suppression, an increase in oxidative stress, apoptosis and symbiont loss. Other expression patterns demonstrate upregulation of membrane transporters, as well as the regulation of genes involved in membrane cytoskeletal interactions and cytoskeletal remodeling. These widespread changes in gene expression emphasize the need to expand future studies of ocean acidification to include a wider spectrum of cellular processes, many of which may occur before impacts on calcification.
253 citations
Authors
Showing all 445 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
David Welch | 60 | 305 | 11086 |
David Jordan | 50 | 329 | 9044 |
Stephen M. Taylor | 49 | 155 | 7496 |
Hume Field | 48 | 135 | 10346 |
Neil M. White | 45 | 334 | 10842 |
Ralf G. Dietzgen | 42 | 187 | 6748 |
Daryl C. Joyce | 41 | 274 | 8044 |
Roger G. Shivas | 36 | 245 | 6080 |
Jennifer R. Ovenden | 36 | 141 | 4900 |
Richard K. F. Unsworth | 35 | 113 | 3633 |
Abigail Elizur | 33 | 143 | 2749 |
Michael Netzel | 33 | 146 | 3075 |
Rob Coles | 32 | 73 | 4076 |
Roger Stanley | 31 | 114 | 2791 |
David G. Mayer | 30 | 149 | 3170 |