Showing papers by "Hiroshima University published in 1988"

Autocrine generation and requirement of BSF-2/IL-6 for human multiple myelomas

Abstract: Human B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2) was originally characterized and isolated as a T cell-derived factor that caused the terminal maturation of activated B cells to immunoglobulin-producing cells. Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA predicts that BSF-2 is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 26,000 similar or identical to interferon beta 2, hybridoma plasmacytoma growth factor and hepatocyte stimulating factor. IL-6 has been proposed as a name for this molecule. It is now known that BSF-2 has a wide variety of biological functions and that its target cells are not restricted to normal B cells. Responses are also seen in T cells, plasmacytomas, hepatocytes, haematopoietic stem cells, fibroblasts and rat phoeochromocytoma, PC12 (Satoh, T. et al., manuscript in preparation). Of particular interest to this report is that human BSF-2 is a potent growth factor for murine plasmacytomas and hybridomas. This observation suggested to us that constitutive expression of BSF-2 or its receptor could be responsible for the generation of human myelomas. In this study we report that myeloma cells freshly isolated from patients produce BSF-2 and express its receptors. Moreover, anti-BSF-2 antibody inhibits the in vitro growth of myeloma cells. This is direct evidence that an autocrine loop is operating in oncogenesis of human myelomas.

Model of L- to H-mode transition in tokamak.

Abstract: A new model of $L$- to $H$-mode transition in tokamak plasmas is presented. Nonambipolar particle losses determine the consistent radial electric field near plasma periphery. A "cusp-type catastrophe" among the radial electric field, particle flux, and edge gradients is found. At the transition, plasma loss can take multiple values for one profile of density and temperature near the edge. A critical edge condition for the transition is obtained.

Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Human Gastric and Colonic Carcinomas

Abstract: The expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was examined immunohistochemically in a total of 122 gastric and 61 colonic carcinomas, out of which 16 gastric and 8 colonic carcinomas were also examined by 125I-labeled EGF binding analysis and Western blotting. The values of EGF binding were 12.68 +/- 1.98 (SE; n = 16) fmol/mg protein in gastric carcinomas and 5.72 +/- 2.15 (n = 8) fmol/mg protein in nonneoplastic gastric mucosa, the difference being significant (P less than 0.01). In the colonic tissue, the binding capacities in carcinomas and nonneoplastic mucosa were 13.29 +/- 4.17 (n = 8) and 10.68 +/- 0.41 (n = 3) fmol/mg protein, respectively. Scatchard analysis of 125I-labeled EGF binding indicated a single class of receptors in gastric and colonic carcinomas with an apparent Kd value of from 111 to 277 (n = 4) and from 87.4 to 341 fM (n = 5), respectively, except for one gastric carcinoma having two classes of receptors (Kd = 15.9 and 896 fM). In Western blotting using monoclonal anti-EGF receptor antibody, various levels of EGF receptor expression were detected in 12 (85.7%) of the 14 gastric carcinomas and in 7 (87.5%) of the 8 colonic carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, EGF receptor immunoreactivity was detected in one (3.8%) of the 26 early gastric carcinomas, while it was observed in 33 (34.4%) of the 96 advanced gastric carcinomas, the incidence between the two being significantly different (P less than 0.01). In the colonic carcinomas, 47 (77.1%) of the 61 cases showed positive immunoreactivity to EGF receptor, which did not differ by histological type.

Detection of Soluble Tumor-associated Antigens in Sera and Effusions Using Novel Monoclonal Antibodies, KL-3 and KL-6, against Lung Adenocarcinoma

Abstract: Two novel monoclonal antibodies, KL-3 (IgM) and KL-6 (IgG1), which can detect soluble antigens in sera and effusions (molecular weights greater than 1,000 K) were produced against human pulmonary adenocarcinoma VMRC-LCR cells. KL-3 and KL-6 antibodies reacted with asialo- and sialo-carbohydrate antigenic determinants, respectively. Both carbohydrate epitopes appear, from competitive inhibition studies, to be different from Lex, Ley, sialyl Lea and sialyl Lexi which were recognized with FH2, AH6, NS19-9 and FH6 antibodies, respectively. Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, elevated KL-6 antigen levels were frequently observed in the sera of patients with lung adenocarcinoma [52% (17/33)], pancreatic cancer [44% (4/9)] and breast cancer [40% (8/20)], but infrequently in the sera of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma [18% (4/22)], lung small cell carcinoma [8% (1/13)], gastric cancer [0% (0/19)], colorectal cancer [0% (0/8)] and hepatocellular cancer [13% (1/8)]. The levels and positive rates of serum KL-6 antigen increased with the progression of clinical stage of lung adenocarcinoma. In pleural effusions, the prevalences of lung adenocarcinoma cases with elevated levels of KL-3 and KL-6 antigens were 76% (13/17) and 82% (14/17), respectively. These monoclonal antibodies can define novel soluble antigens in sera and effusions which could be useful in tumor diagnoses and for monitoring tumor progression.

Evidence from angle-resolved resonant photoemission for oxygen-2p nature of the Fermi-liquid states in Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8

Abstract: It has been generally accepted that a strong on-site Coulomb repulsion of the Cu 3d electrons dominates the electronic structure of the high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors. The on-site Coulomb repulsion has been evaluated as 6–7 eV, comparable with the valence-band width1,2. This strong correlation is thought to cause the Cu 3d electrons to be localized as in a Mott insulator, and doped holes may be transferred to oxygen sites, as the charge transfer energy is small compared with the correlation energy. These doped holes yield a substantial density of states at the Fermi level, characteristic of metals. There has been great effort to find and characterize the electronic states at the Fermi level, because these states relate directly to the mechanism of the high-Tc superconductivity by providing Cooper pairs below Tc. Here we report the first direct evidence for the dominant oxygen-2p nature of the Fermi-liquid state in the high-Tc superconductor, obtained using the technique of angle-resolved resonant photoemission.

Optimal VAr planning by approximation method for recursive mixed-integer linear programming

Abstract: The authors propose an algorithm for solving reactive power planning problems. The optimization approach is based on a recursive mixed-integer programming technique using an approximation method. A fundamental feature of this algorithm is that the number of capacitor or reactor units can be treated as a discrete variable in solving large-scale VAr (volt-ampere reactive) planning problems. Numerical results have verified the validity and efficiency of the algorithm. >

Interaction between epidermal growth factor and its receptor in progression of human gastric carcinoma.

Abstract: The expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor were studied immunohistochemically in a total of 156 gastric carcinomas; 26 early and 130 advanced. No EGF immunoreactivity was found in early carcinomas, while EGF-positive tumor cells were detected in 38 (29.2%) of the 130 advanced carcinomas. EGF receptor immunoreactivity was detected in one (3.8%) of the 26 early carcinomas and in 44 (33.8%) of the 130 advanced carcinomas, the incidence being significantly different (p<0.01). Out of the 130 advanced carcinomas, 17 (13.1%) had synchronous expression of EGF and its receptor and most of the tumors with strong expression of EGF were positive to EGF receptor. A significant correlation was observed between the depth of tumor invasion and EGF or its receptor immunoreactivity in tumor cells (p<0.05). Furthermore, a good correlation was demonstrated between the synchronous expression of EGF and its receptor and the depth of tumor invasion or the tumor staging. The incidence of cases with EGF in metastatic tumors was significantly higher than that in primary tumors (p<0.05). Patients with synchronous expression of EGF and its receptor had a far poorer prognosis than those without EGF and receptor.

The central projection of masticatory afferent fibers to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex and upper cervical spinal cord.

Abstract: Retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) conjugate was used to study the organization of primary afferent neurons innervating the masticatory muscles. HRP applied to the nerves of jaw-closing muscles--the deep temporal (DT), masseter (Ma), and medial pterygoid (MP)--labeled cells in the trigeminal ganglion and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vmes), whereas HRP applied to nerves of the jaw-opening muscles--anterior digastric (AD) and mylohyoid (My)--labeled cells only in the trigeminal ganglion. Cell bodies innervating the jaw-closing muscles were found with greater frequency in the intermediate region of the mandibular subdivision, while somata supplying the jaw-opening muscles were predominant posterolaterally. The distribution of their somatic sizes was unimodal and limited to a subpopulation of smaller cells. Projections of the muscle afferents of ganglionic origin to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC) were confined primarily to the caudal half of pars interpolaris (Vi), and the medullary and upper cervical dorsal horns. In the Vi, Ma, MP, AD, and My nerves terminated in the lateral-most part of the nucleus with an extensive overlap in projections, save for the DT nerve, which projected to the interstitial nucleus or paratrigeminal nucleus. In the medullary and upper cervical dorsal horns, the main terminal fields of individual branches were confined to laminae I/V, but the density of the terminals in lamina V was very sparse. The rostrocaudal extent of the terminal field in lamina I differed among the muscle afferents of origin, whereas in the mediolateral or dorsoventral axis, a remarkable overlap in projections was noted between or among muscle afferents. The terminals of DT afferents were most broadly extended from the rostral level of the pars caudalis to the C3 segment, whereas the MP nerve showed limited projection to the middle one-third of the pars caudalis. Terminal fields of the Ma, AD, and My nerves appeared in the caudal two-thirds of the pars caudalis including the first two cervical segments, the caudal half of the pars caudalis and the C1 segment, and in the caudal part of the pars caudalis including the rostral C1 segment, respectively. This rostrocaudal arrangement in the projections of muscle nerves, which corresponds to the anteroposterior length of the muscles and their positions, indicates that representation of the masticatory muscles in lamina I reflects an onion-skin organization. These results suggest that primary muscle afferent neurons of ganglionic origin primarily mediate muscle pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Temperature-dependent development and growth of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the laboratory

Abstract: The calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus was reared in the laboratory under excess food conditions, and its development and growth rates were measured at various temperatures. Egg development time (DH, days) was dependent on temperature (T °C), and was expressed as DH = 55.3 (T + 0.7)−1.44. Postembryonic development followed the equiproportional rule. The stage duration was short in NI and NII, but compensatingly longer in NIII. Between NIV and CII, it was nearly isochronal, and beyond CII, it tended to increase gradually. The time from egg to adult was expressed as DCVI = 1258 (T + 0.7)−1.44. The specific growth rate was also temperature-dependent and highest from CI to CIII, intermediate from NII to CI and from CIII to CV, and lowest from CV to CVI. The growth rates of C. sinicus are higher than those of co-occurring small copepods such as Paracalanus, Acartia and Microsetella.

Analysis of Photo-initiators in Visible-light-cured Dental Composite Resins

Abstract: Seven commercial visible-light-cured (VL) dental composite resins were analytically studied for identification of the photo-initiator consisting of photo-sensitizer and reducing agent. Gas-liquid chromatography (GC) was used for the determination of the dilute components extracted from the composite resin. Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used for confirmation of the qualitative data obtained by GC. The results showed that all composite resins examined included camphorquinone (CQ) as a photo-sensitizer. The concentration of CQ in the resin phase, however, ranged from 0.17 to 1.03% w/w. The composite resin with hybrid-sized filler tended to have a higher concentration of CQ than did the micro-filled composite resin. As for the reducing agent, two out of seven brands contained dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and one included dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPTI). The mixing ratio between CQ and the amine in these three composite resins also varied. Another four brands did not contain either DMAEMA or DMPTI, and would utilize different reducing agents.

Reliable indices for the determination of viability of grafted liver immediately after orthotopic transplantation. Bile flow rate and cellular adenosine triphosphate level.

Abstract: One of the major problems accompanying liver transplantation is how to evaluate the viability of the grafted tissue at an early stage. The ability to assess immediate graft function would provide results useful in the determination of prognosis. The present study was undertaken to determine whether bile flow rates after liver transplantation were correlated with adenosine triphosphate levels and the survival of rats given transplants. In fresh-liver-transplanted rats, the one-week survival rate was 87%. The cellular ATP levels in the grafts decreased sharply prior to portal-venous declamping, but returned to nearly 80% of the normal level 4 hr after grafting, as did the total adenine nucleotide level and energy charge. When the grafts were subjected to warm ischemia for 15-min or 30-min periods prior to harvesting of the donor liver, the one-week survival rates decreased to 50% and 0%, respectively. In these cases, the levels of cellular ATP and bile secretion remained low and were proportional to the survival of the transplanted animals even 4 hr after transplantation. The relationship between the bile flow rates and the cellular ATP levels under various conditions revealed a good correlation, showing a saturation curve. The bile flow rates as well as the cellular ATP levels were therefore related to the survival rates of the transplanted animals. Thus it was shown in this experimental transplantation model that the monitoring of bile production after liver grafting is a useful indicator for assessing the extent of ischemic damage to the liver and for prognosis of the animal.

PHO85, a negative regulator of the PHO system, is a homolog of the protein kinase gene, CDC28, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract: The product of the PHO85 gene, which encodes one of the negative regulatory factors of the PHO system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, shows significant amino acid sequence homology with the CDC28 protein kinase. However, overexpressing PHO85 did not suppress the temperature sensitive phenotype of the cdc28-1 mutation. The nucleotide sequence of the PHO85 gene strongly suggests the presence of an intron near the sequence encoding the N-terminal region.

On energy inequality, smoothness and large time behavior in L 2 for weak solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in exterior domains

Abstract: Soit Ω un domaine exterieur de R n (n=3,4) a frontiere lisse ∂Ω Sur le cylindre d'espace temps Ω×[0,∞) on considere le probleme de Navier-Stokes non stationnaire: u t −Δu+u•⊇u+⊇p=f dans Ω×(0,∞), ⊇•u=0 dans Ω×(0,∞), u=0 sur ∂Ω×(0,∞), u(x,0)=a(x) avec des donnees prescrites f et a

Increased somatic cell mutant frequency in atomic bomb survivors.

Abstract: Frequencies of mutant T-cells in peripheral blood, which are deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity, were determined for atomic bomb survivors by direct clonal assay using a previously reported method (Hakoda et al., 1987). Results from 30 exposed survivors (more than 1 rad exposed) and 17 age- and sex-matched controls (less than 1 rad exposed) were analyzed. The mean mutant frequency (Mf) in the exposed (5.2 × 10−6; range 0.8−14.4 × 10−6) was significantly higher than in controls (3.4 × 10−6; range 1.3−9.3 × 10−6), which was not attributable to a difference in non-mutant cell-cloning efficiencies between the 2 groups, which were virtually identical. An initial analysis of the data did not reveal a significant correlation between individual Mfs and individual radiation dose estimates when the latter were defined by the original, tentative estimates (T65D), even through there was a significant positive correlation of Mfs with individual frequency of lymphocytes bearing chromosome aberrations. However, reanalysis using the newer revised individual dose estimates (DS86) for 27 exposed survivors and 17 controls did reveal a significant but shallow positive correlation between T-cell Mf values and individual exposure doses. These results indicate that HPRT mutation in vivo in human T-cells could be detected in these survivors 40 years after the presumed mutational event.

Computing on an anonymous network

Abstract: A network consists of a set of processors and a set of communication links connecting pairs of processors. ln the past, dozens of papers have been written on the subject of efficient distributed algorithms for various problems about networks, including leader election, spanning tree construction, and topology recognition (i.e., the determination of network topology), under the assumption tbat each processor has a unique identity number.

Dual regulation of the expression of the polyubiquitin gene by cyclic AMP and heat shock in yeast.

Abstract: The expression of the polyubiquitin gene in yeast, UB14, is repressed by cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylation. Since cycloheximide does not inhibit the induction of the UB14 transcription, no de novo protein synthesis is required in this process. The expression of the UB14 gene is also induced by mild heat shock by a mechanism other than depletion of cAMP. From the genetic analysis of the UB14 gene, we propose that the UB14 gene is one of the genes which are part of the cAMP-effector pathway and required for G0/G1 arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

An efficient algorithm for load balancing of transformers and feeders by switch operation in large scale distribution systems

Abstract: A systematic and practical algorithm for load balancing of transformers and feeders by automatic sectionalizing of switch operation in large-scale distribution systems of the radial type is discussed. The algorithm is developed by extending an approximation for load transfer of the desired two transformers. The algorithm is applicable to operations not only in the normal state, but also in the scheduled and failure outage states. Computational experience on a real large-scale system has indicated that the algorithm is valid and effective for practical operations. >

A Mechanism for Bitter Taste Sensibility in Peptides

Abstract: To estimate the steric distance between the bitter taste determinant sites in peptides, some cyclic dipeptides, amino acid anilides, amino acid cyclohexylamides, and benzoyl amino acids were synthesized and their tastes were evaluated. The diketopiperazine ring of cyclic dipeptides acted as a bitter taste determinant site due to its hydrophobicity. The steric distance between 2 sites was estimated as 4.1 A from the molecule models of cyclic dipeptides composed of typical amino acids in the bitter peptides. Due to the hypothesis of two bitter taste determinant sites, which bind with the bitter taste receptor via a “binding unit” and a “stimulating unit,” a mechanism for the bitterness in peptides was postulated.

Nucleotide sequences of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera genes for extracellular beta-glucosidases as expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract: We isolated two genes for extracellular beta-glucosidase, BGL1 and BGL2, from the genomic library of the yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Gene products (BGLI and BGLII) were purified from the culture fluids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with BGL1 and BGL2, respectively. Molecular weights of BGLI and BGLII were estimated to be 220,000 and 200,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The two beta-glucosidases showed the same enzymatic characteristics, such as thermo-denaturation kinetics and dependencies on pH and temperature, but quite different substrate specificities: BGLI hydrolyzed cellobiose efficiently, but BGLII did not. This result is consistent with the observation that the S. cerevisiae transformant carrying BGL1 fermented cellobiose to ethanol but the transformant carrying BGL2 did not. Southern blot analysis revealed that the two beta-glucosidase genes were derived from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and that the nucleotide sequences of the two genes are closely related. The complete nucleotide sequences of the two genes were determined. BGL1 and BGL2 encode 876- and 880-amino-acid proteins which were shown to be highly similar to each other. The putative precursors begin with hydrophobic segments that presumably act as signal sequences for secretion. Amino acid analysis of the purified proteins confirmed that BGL1 and BGL2 encode BGLI and BGLII, respectively.

Streptococcal Adherence on Various Restorative Materials

Abstract: The adherence of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556, S. sanguisATCC 10557, S. mutans Ingbritt, and S. mutans OMZ 176 to the surfaces of composite resins, amalgam alloys, and a Au-Ag-Pd alloy was measured. Adhesion was correlated with values for hydrophobicity and ζ-potential of the bacteria and the restorative materials. The hydrophobicity of the restoratives showed a positive correlation between the numbers of adherent S. sanguis cells, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions are important for the adherence of this bacterial species. In contrast, the numbers of adherent S. mutans cells showed a positive correlation with the ζ-potential of the restoratives, suggesting that electrostatic interactions are important in adherence of this bacterium.

Calculus on Gaussian and Poisson white noises

Abstract: Recently one of the authors has introduced the concept of generalized Poisson functionals and discussed the differentiation, renormalization, stochastic integrals etc ([8], [9]), analogously to the works of T Hida ([3], [4], [5]) Here we introduce a transformation for Poisson fnnctionals with the idea as in the case of Gaussian white noise (cf [10], [11], [12], [13]) Then we can discuss the differentiation, renormalization, multiple Wiener integrals etc in a way completely parallel with the Gaussian case The only one exceptional point, which is most significant, is that the multiplications are described by for the Gaussian case, for the Poisson case, as will be stated in Section 5 Conversely, those formulae characterize the types of white noises

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Benzoxazinoids from Roots of Coix lachryma-jobi var. Ma-yuen

Abstract: The anti-inflammatory activities of six benzoxazinoids isolated from roots of Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen and structurally related synthetic materials were investigated by measurement of their inhibition of histamine release from rat mast cells stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) and sensitized with immunoglobulin E (reagin). Because the inhibition data for either Con A or IgE with these compounds were comparable, Con A can be used for rapid first-stage screening of active compounds. Four glycosides out of the eleven compounds investigated were not active. Other results showed that the free hydroxyl group at the 2-position in the benzoxazinone skeleton is important for the expression of inhibitory activity.

Wronskian Structures of Solutions for Soliton Equations

Abstract: Solutions for the equations of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy are given in terms of Wronskian. The two-dimensional Toda lattice equation and the two-dimensional Toda molecule equation are investigated and their solutions are expressed in the form of two­ directional Wronskian and double Wronskian. These solutions have common structure so that we can construct systems of these equations and their Wronskian solutions. lattice. There are several ways to get soliton solutions for these equations. For example in the method of the inverse scattering transformation, soliton solutions are associat­ ed with the discrete spectra of the scattering operator and may be written in deter­ minant form. In the direct method, they are obtained by a simple perturbational technique and represented as polynomials in exponentials. The B~cklund transfor­ mation (BT) gives a way of constructing N + 1-soliton solution from N-soliton solu­ tion. A simple and useful expression of these solutions may be the one in terms of Wronskian. The Wronskian representation of the solutions was first given for the KdV and modified KdV equations. 1> This technique has been developed by Freeman and Nimmo2H> for other soliton equations such as the KP, Boussinesq, NLS and Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations. In this expression of the solutions, these non­ linear equations are derived from the Laplace expansion of the determinants which are equal to zero. The general theory of r function has been developed by Sato6> and it has been

Role of the Hydrophobia Amino Acid Residue in the Bitterness of Pep tides

Abstract: In order to investigate the role of the side chain of amino acids in the bitterness in peptide, someioligopeptides containing glycine, alanine, aminobutyric acid, valine, isoleucine, norvaline (n-Val) and norleucine (n-Leu) were synthesized and their tastes were evaluated. For the bitter taste to be exhibited, the side chain skeleton of the amino acid should consist of at least three carbons. The peptides consisting of amino acids having a side chain of less than three carbons did not exhibit bitterness, while the peptides consisting of amino acids having a side chain of more than three carbons did exhibit bitterness. Valine exhibited an intermediate feature, the taste of valine peptides varying dependent upon the structure. The difference of the branching structure in side chains was less concerned with peptide bitterness.

Virasoro Algebra, Vertex Operators, Quantum {Sine-Gordon} and Solvable Quantum Field Theories

Abstract: The relationship between the conformal field theories and the soliton equations (KdV, MKdV and Sine–Gordon, etc.) at both quantum and classical levels is discussed. The quantum Sine–Gordon theory is formulated canonically. Its Hamiltonian is the vertex operator with respect to the Feigin–Fuchs–Miura form of the Virasoro algebra with central charge $c\le1$. It is found that the quantum conserved quantities of the Sine–Gordon-MKdV hierarchy are expressed as polynomial functions of the Virasoro generators. In other words, an infinite set of mutually commutative polynomial functions of the Virasoro generators is obtained. A very simple recursion formula for the quantum conserved quantities is found for the special case of $\beta^2_c=8\pi$ ($\beta_c$ is the coupling constant in Coleman’s theory of quantum Sine–Gordon).