Showing papers by "Hokkaido University published in 1976"
TL;DR: In this paper, the upper and lower critical solution temperatures for poly(ethylene glycol) in t-butyl acetate and water over the molecular weight range of Mη = 2.18 × 103 to ∼1020 × 103 were determined.
584 citations
TL;DR: The molecular structure of benzene has been determined by combining the average distances obtained by the present electron diffraction study and the moments of inertia reported by Cabana et al. as mentioned in this paper.
320 citations
TL;DR: A large amount of peroxide was found in twigs of poplar, Populus gelrica, which was grown in the field under natural conditions and served as a substrate both for catalase and cytochrome c peroxidase.
Abstract: A large amount of peroxide was found in twigs of poplar, Populus gelrica, which was grown in the field under natural conditions. The peroxide found in xylem and living bark was about 1.2 and 0.5 μmoles per gram dry weight sample, respectively, and served as a substrate both for catalase and cytochrome c peroxidase.
315 citations
TL;DR: Results presented here suggest that the acid form is produced as an intermediate in the first stage of total unfolding at neutral pH, which may cause a difference in dynamic character in the native state between the two proteins and thus provide a reasonable interpretation for their known differences in chemical reactivity.
237 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the catalytic effect of Fe(III) hydroxide for the oxygenation of Fe2+ ions in neutral solutions is discussed in detail, and the rate constant k for the homogeneous reaction is equal to ko [O2] [OH−]2 and k′ for the heterogeneous reaction was determined by k s,o [O 2 ]K [H + ] ; k o and ks,o being the real rate constants for the two reactions and K being the equilibrium constant for the adsorption of Fe 2+ on Fe(
213 citations
TL;DR: The intestinal microflora of healthy salmonids are mainly composed of the genus Aeromonas and the family Enterobacteriaceae of a so called terrestrial type, if they are living in fresh water, whereas when fish move to the sea or upstream a river in their life cycle, the flora in their intestines would undergo changes in order to adequaely adapt the fish themselves for their living environments.
Abstract: A study on the actual condition and changes of normal bacterial flora in the intestines of salmonids was carried out to determine the actual status of bacterial flora in the digestive tract, particularly in the intestines, in the course of their life cycle, i. e. migration from fresh water to the sea and back to the original river.From the results of this study, it would be concluded as follows.The intestinal microflora of healthy salmonids are mainly composed of the genus Aeromonas and the family Enterobacteriaceae of a so called terrestrial type, if they are living in fresh water. Contrarily, the flora are mainly composed of the genus Vibrio of marine or halophilic type when they are living in sea water. If fish move to the sea or upstream a river in their life cycle, the flora in their intestines would undergo changes in order to adequaely adapt the fish themselves for their living environments.
140 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the rate of oxygenation of ferrous ion was measured in neutral and slightly acidic solutions containing various anions and the role of the respective anions in the oxygenation was explained by assuming that the complex of the anion with ferrous ions constitutes the reacting species.
131 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the spontaneous moment was estimated to be 1.10±0.09 µ B at 4.2 K, which is smaller than the one expected for the low-spin state of Ru ions at the octahedral sites.
Abstract: Magnetic measurements on single-crystal specimens of SrRuO 3 having perovskite structure were made by a magnetic balance. It was found that the ferromagnetic moment in SrRuO 3 could be technically saturated in a finite magnetic field along an easy axis, . The spontaneous moment was estimated to be 1.10±0.09 µ B at 4.2 K. The thermomagnetic curve could be well reproduced by the one calculated in the molecular-field approximation for S =1/2. The χ -1 vs T curve measured obeys the Curie-Weiss law from 300 K to 700 K. SrRuO 3 has a fairly large amount of cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy (\(K_{1}{\cong}-1.6{\times}10^{6}\) erg/cm 3 at 4.2 K.). It is concluded that the reduced ferromagnetic moment in this case is smaller than the one expected for the low-spin state of Ru ions at the octahedral sites, and that this can not be attributed to any technical magnetization processes.
127 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a calculation of the in-depth distribution of atomic concentration at the surface is presented on the basis of Palmberg's physical mechanism by utilizing the difference in escape length of the Auger electrons with different energies.
111 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured 210 Pb, 210 Po and 210 Po were measured in oceanic profiles at two stations near the Bonin and Kurile trenches and found that 210 Po is depleted by 50% on average relative to 210 Po in the surface water.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a two-dimensional extension of various non-linear models for one-dimensional response analysis is considered, including the degrading trilinear stiffness model which is one of the simpler idealizations of the restoring force characteristics of flexural-failure-type R/C structures.
Abstract: Recent studies reveal that R/C structural members subjected to biaxial flexure due to two-dimensional earthquake excitation can deform much more than would be predicted by conventional one-dimensional response analysis. The biaxial flexure may therefore have a significant effect on the dynamic collapse process of structures subjected to intense ground motions. The present paper is intended to develop a new formulation of the two-dimensional restoring force model of R/C columns acted upon by biaxial bending moments, and to discuss the dynamic response properties of R/C structures. The model considered is a two-dimensional extension of various non-linear models for one-dimensional response analysis, including the degrading trilinear stiffness model which is one of the simpler idealizations of the restoring force characteristics of flexural-failure-type R/C structures. The modelling validity is then examined by comparison with experimental data on the biaxial bending behaviour of R/C columns. Calculations are made to study the role of different system properties on the influence of inelastic biaxial bending on the dynamic structural response. It is shown that the inelastic biaxial effect is generally significant and, in some cases, critical in the case of R/C structures with stiffness-degrading properties, while the effect is not so important for the non-degrading inelastic cases.
TL;DR: The Lyon hypothesis as discussed by the authors states that the mammalian female is a natural mosaic for clones of cells with either the maternally derived X chromosome (Xm) or the paternally-derived one (Xp) which is randomly inactivated early in development.
Abstract: THE Lyon hypothesis postulates that the mammalian female is a natural mosaic for clones of cells with either the maternally derived X chromosome (Xm) or the paternally derived one (Xp) which is randomly inactivated early in development1,2. We have presented evidence for the dominance of the inactive Xp in extraembryonic regions of 7.5- and 8.5-d mouse embryos heterozygous for Cattanach's translocation3 in which the two X chromosomes could be readily identified4. Though we presumed that this might not be an exceptional phenomenon restricted to mice bearing this X-autosome translocation, this has been difficult to confirm because of the lack of a system suitable for experiments. Here we report further cytological evidence that the inactive X is predominantly paternal in the yolk sac of the laboratory rat.
TL;DR: In this paper, the statistical properties of speckle intensity variations produced by coherent light in the far-field diffraction plane of an iluminated area of an object are studied experimentally as a function of the radius of an illuminating beam over the object and are found to have a relation to its surface roughness and correlation lenght.
TL;DR: The larvae of Japanese eel developing for up to 14 d in the laboratory are described, with some pre-larvae surviving for only 6 d; their teeth characteristic of muraenoid larvae were merely in the state of anlagen and their eyes were completely devoid of retinal pigment.
Abstract: ALTHOUGH the breeding place of the European eel has been detected1, the morphology and ecology of their larvae, especially in pre-leptocephalus stages, still remain to be investigated. We have, however, succeeded2–4 in obtaining some pre-larvae of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, following artificial induction of maturation and spawning in aquaria, the larvae survived for only 6 d; their teeth characteristic of muraenoid larvae were merely in the state of anlagen and their eyes were completely devoid of retinal pigment. Further information of the early development of the eel is therefore required to enable elucidation of their life history. Here, we describe the larvae of Japanese eel developing for up to 14 d in the laboratory.
TL;DR: In this paper, a stochastic theory originally developed to explain the fracture of solid materials under stress can be used to explain pitting corrosion, which has proved useful in understanding time-dependent phenomena.
Abstract: WE believe that a stochastic theory originally developed to explain the fracture of solid materials under stress can be used to explain pitting corrosion. In the past (see ref. 1), both pitting potential2 and induction time3 have been used to select resistant alloys and to search for possible breakdown mechanisms. Studies of these and other phenomena, however, always reveal a wide scatter of data, so we have used the stochastic approach, which has proved useful in understanding time-dependent phenomena (see refs 4 and 5).
TL;DR: In this article, the relation between the velocity of a moving diffuse object and the mean number of integrated speckles in a certain time interval at the far-field plane of the object is obtained.
Abstract: The relation between the velocity of a moving diffuse object and the mean number of integrated speckles in the certain time interval at the far-field plane of the object is obtained. By using this relation based on the first order statistics of integrated speckles, a new method of measuring the velocity of the diffuse object is proposed and experimentally verified. The first order probability density function of time-integrated speckles is also studied from which the validity of the present method is verified.
TL;DR: In this paper, the average contrast of image speckle patterns was used to measure surface roughness and correlation length of the objects from the experimental curve of the contrast variation versus the point spread of the imaging system.
Abstract: As a practical monitoring tool for measurements of surface roughness properties, a new instrument is actually constructed on the basis of using the average contrast of image speckle patterns. With this instrument an experimental investigation on the contrast variation of image speckle patterns is conducted systematically for various surface roughnesses of the objects under different conditions of an optical imaging system. It is found that the roughness and correlation length of the objects can be precisely determined from the experimental curve of the contrast variation versus the point spread of the imaging system. The present method using image speckle patterns is superior to the previous one which uses the contrast variation of speckle patterns in the diffraction field.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the change in undrained shear strength due to swelling under both isotropic and Ko conditions for three saturated remolded clays and proposed a simple method to estimate the in situ undrained strength of clays from a series of conventional laboratory test.
TL;DR: It is noticed that the incidence of triploidy increased considerably among zygotes obtained through superovulation followed by natural mating in adult A-strain mice, and the origin of the extra genome in such embryos was investigated.
Abstract: SUPEROVULATION through the administration of exogenous gonadotropins1 has been widely used in mice for experimental purposes, and cytogenetic evidence has shown2,4 that the technique does not affect adversely the chromosome constitution of either released ova or zygotes. We have noticed, however, that the incidence of triploidy increased considerably among zygotes obtained through superovulation followed by natural mating in adult A-strain mice5. We have therefore investigated the origin of the extra genome in such embryos.
TL;DR: The vibrational ball milling technique for a poorly water-soluble drug with microcrystalline cellulose provides a promising way of improving the in vivo drug absorption.
TL;DR: In this paper, a model calculation for the computation of the magnetic surface anisotropy for transition metals is presented. But the model is based on the weak-hopping limit, the one-layer problem and the surface of a semi-infinite crystal.
Abstract: A model calculation is presented for the computation of the magnetic surface anisotropy ${K}_{s}$ for transition metals Special reference is made to Ni It is demonstrated that the changes at the surface in the effective atomic potential of the different $d$ orbitals are very important in determining ${K}_{s}$ Furthermore it is shown that one must include all $d$ orbitals in the calculations The problem is studied by successively treating the weak-hopping limit, the one-layer problem, and the surface of a semi-infinite crystal The sign and the order of magnitude of the magnetic surface anisotropy which we find for Ni agree with the experimental results on Ni alloys A comparison is made to earlier work on the subject
TL;DR: In this article, eight fructo-oligosaccharides were isolated from the roots of Asparagus officinalis L. (Liliaceae) by examination of constituent sugars, gas-liquid-chromatographic analysis of methyl derivatives, and investigation of partial acid hydrolyzates and products of β-fructofuranosidase action.
Abstract: Eight fructo-oligosaccharides were isolated from purified oligosaccharide fractions of the roots of Asparagus officinalis L. (Liliaceae). By examination of constituent sugars, gas-liquid-chromatographic analysis of methyl derivatives, and investigation of partial acid hydrolyzates and products of β-fructofuranosidase action, they were confirmed to be 1F(1-β -fructofuranosyl)n sucrose [n = 1 (1-kestose), 2 (nystose), and 3], 6G (1-β-fructofuranosyl)n sucrose [n = 1 (neokestose), 2, and 3], 1F,6G-di-β-fructofuranosyl sucrose, and a new pentasaccharide 1F (1-β-fructofuranosyl)2-6G-β-fructofuranosyl sucrose.
TL;DR: Taste buds of the mouse circumvallate papillae were studied by electron microscopy to elucidate the innervation involving the adrenergic nerve supply and showed typical afferent synaptic contacts, with increased density of the membranes and aggregations of synaptic vesicles in the cytoplasm adjacent to the nerve endings.
Abstract: Taste buds of the mouse circumvallate papillae were studied by electron microscopy to elucidate the innervation involving the adrenergic nerve supply. Typical afferent synaptic contacts, with increased density of the membranes and aggregations of synaptic vesicles in the cytoplasm adjacent to the nerve endings, were demonstrated between the type III cells and the nerve endings. Along the regions of contact between the type II cells and the nerve endings, cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum were often seen beneath the cell membrane, and the nerve endings contained relatively many synaptic-sized vesicles. Such an innervation seems to be efferent in nature. For the detection of the adrenergic nerve supply, 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OH-DA) was injected after pretreatment with L-DOPA and nialamide. The mice showed numerous adrenergic nerve fibers in the connective tissue underlying the taste buds. On very few occasions, the adrenergic nerves penetrated the basal lamina of the taste buds and came into contact with the bud cells. Some adrenergic nerves were distributed among the epithelial cells around the taste buds. The reaction product from acetylcholine esterase activity was found around the adrenergic nerve fibers labeled with 5-OH-DA.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the egg becomes fertilizable independently of the GV during the hormone-induced maturation process, however, spermatozoa require GV material for their participation in the developmental process.
TL;DR: In this paper, band intensifications in the fluorescence spectrum of pyrene were studied in several chlorinated benzenes and the mechanism of the enhancements in aromatic solvents cannot simply be explained by the effects of solvent dipoles, and the multipole-induced multipole interactions involving the aromatic ring systems seem to be important.
TL;DR: The vertical distribution of phytoplankton in early warming season in the eastern Bering Sea and adjacent sea areas was investigated in this paper, where remarkably dense populations ofThalassiosira hyalina and T. nordenskioldii and relatively large populations ofFragilaria and Navicula occupied large part of the community.
Abstract: Vertical distribution of phytoplankton in early warming season in the eastern Bering Sea and adjacent sea areas was investigated. In the surface layer which was under the influence of newly melted sea ice in the shelf water region of the Bering Sea in May, remarkably dense populations ofThalassiosira hyalina andT. nordenskioldii and relatively large populations ofFragilaria andNavicula occupied large part of phytoplankton community. In June, although theThalassiosira populations sunk into the bottom layer and withered, a certain part of theFragilaria-Navicula populations was still suspended in subsurface layer. Thus,Fragilaria-Navicula were the leading components of the June community in the shelf region.
TL;DR: The results indicate that contraction or relaxation of the plasma gel is the primary cause of the negative and positive chemotaxis in the slime molds.
TL;DR: In this paper, the intensity distribution and average contrast of image speckle patterns for two different kinds of objects having an asymmetrical random surface and a Gaussian random surface combined with a periodic sinusoidal variation are investigated on a computer as a function of the surface roughness properties of objects and the point spread of an optical imaging system.
Abstract: As a further extension of the previous paper and by considering actual objects, the intensity distribution and average contrast of image speckle patterns for two different kinds of objects having an asymmetrical random surface and a Gaussian random surface combined with a periodic sinusoidal variation are investigated on a computer as a function of the surface roughness properties of objects and the point spread of an optical imaging system. The computer simulation study for objects with the asymmetrical random surface indicates that a variation of the average speckle contrast as a function of the above parameters takes almost the same behavior as for objects with a purely Gaussian random surface. The study for objects with the combined surface of Gaussian random and sinusoidal variations shows that the average speckle contrast strongly depends on the combination ratio of these two variations characterized by their standard deviation and correlation length. It becomes again clear that the maximum value of the image speckle contrast is dependent upon the rms surface roughness of objects but not upon their surface profile.
TL;DR: The capacitance/voltage characteristics of the metal-oxide-semiconductor system formed on n-type GaAs by anodic oxidation differ greatly from those of p-type GAAs, showing an anomalous frequency dispersion which is not caused by the Quast carrier diffusion mechanism, but by anomalous formation of interface states as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The capacitance/voltage characteristics of the metal-oxide-semiconductor system formed on n-type GaAs by anodic oxidation differ greatly from those of p-type GaAs, showing an marked anomalous frequency dispersion which is not caused by the Quast carrier diffusion mechanism, but by an anomalous formation of interface states.