Showing papers by "Kettering University published in 1978"
TL;DR: Secretion of infectious Abelson leukemia virus by two of the cloned cell lines provides conclusive evidence that the Abelson virus is capable of productively infecting the macrophage cell type.
866 citations
TL;DR: The clonal proliferation of the committed granulocyte-macrophage stem cell is controlled by a balance between mutually opposing factors, colony stimulating factor and prostaglandin E, both of monocyte- macrophage derivation.
Abstract: The clonal proliferation of the committed granulocyte-macrophage stem cell is controlled by a balance between mutually opposing factors, colony stimulating factor and prostaglandin E, both of monocyte-macrophage derivation. Increases beyond a critical concentration of colony stimulating factor within the local milieu of the mononuclear phagocyte induces the coincident elaboration of prostaglandin E, a self-regulated response which serves to limit the unopposed humoral stimulation of myelopoiesis.
262 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the role of macrophages and peritoneal macrophage in the positive and negative feedback control of committed myeloid stem cell proliferation.
244 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that Chido and Rodgers are distinct antigenic components of human C4, a finding which provides a biological explanation as to why these unique red cell antigens are controlled by genes of the HLA complex.
Abstract: THE HLA complex consists of many closely linked genes which code for a variety of characters, particularly the expression of cell surface antigens found on lymphocytes (HLA-A, B, C, DR antigens) or erythrocytes (Chido and Rodgers blood groups) and polymorphic variation of certain complement components (Bf, C2, C4). We1 have recently suggested that the polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement (C4), detected by immunofixation electrophoresis, is controlled by two genes linked to HLA and not by codominant alleles at a single locus as previously described2,3. One C4 variant, designated F, is controlled by one locus with alleles determining the presence (F+) or absence (f0) of four fast-moving anodal bands of C4 while the second variant, S, is controlled by a second locus with alleles determining the presence (S+) or absence (s0) of four slow-moving cathodal bands. We noted that C4 F individuals homozygous for the s0 allele and lacking the four cathodal bands were always Chido (Cha) negative, whereas individuals homozygous for the f0 allele and lacking the four anodal bands of C4 (C4 S) were always Rodgers (Rga) negative. This intriguing observation led us to study the relationship of Chido and Rodgers red cell antigens, which are also found in serum and C4. We show here that Chido and Rodgers are distinct antigenic components of human C4, a finding which provides a biological explanation as to why these unique red cell antigens are controlled by genes of the HLA complex.
186 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that no inductive regulator of in vitro clones of megakaryocytes was present in the supernatants from the long-term marrow cultures and that at least two factors were necessary for the induction ofmegakaryocyte progenitors to proliferate and differentiate in semisolid cultures in vitro.
133 citations
TL;DR: The heterocystous blue-green alga, Anabaena azollae, was isolated from the leaf cavities of the water fern, Azolla caroliniana, where it occurs as an endophyte and was capable of light dependent CO2 fixation and acetylene reduction.
Abstract: The heterocystous blue-green alga, Anabaena azollae, was isolated from the leaf cavities of the water fern, Azolla caroliniana, where it occurs as an endophyte. The isolated alga was capable of light dependent CO2 fixation and acetylene reduction. Aerobic dark acetylene reduction occurred and was dependent upon endogenous substrates.
116 citations
TL;DR: The immediate cause of death was determined for all patients dying at Memorial Hospital from 1973 to 1976 with biopsy-proven malignant melanoma and one-third of patients died of a central nervous system involvement.
98 citations
TL;DR: Separation of these activities by DEAE Sephadex chromatography, and alteration of the dose-response curve, such that granulocyte colony formation varies directly with the amount of stimulator, indicates that the differentiation of these two cell blood lineages may be controlled by separate entities.
81 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that a stable, intermolecular disulfide-linked gp70-p15(E) complex can form spontaneously after disruption of virions with nonionic detergents, and after activation of sulfhydryl groups of the membrane proteins, and the complex is not present in large quantities in the intact virions.
76 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that the glycolytic pathways is a primary site of hyperthermic damage leading to cell death in HeLa S-3 cells.
Abstract: To investigate the mechanisms by which heat affects cancer cells, we used 5-thio-D-glucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis in HeLa S-3 cells, under aerobic and hypoxic conditions at temperatures ranging from 37 degrees to 43 degrees C. Drug alone or heat alone killed a minimum number of cells under aerobic or hypoxic conditions. Exposure to drug and hyperthermia selectively increased the number of cells killed under hypoxic conditions at temperatures as low as 40.5 degrees C but had little effect on cells incubated under aerobic conditions. These results suggest that the glycolytic pathways is a primary site of hyperthermic damage leading to cell death.
70 citations
TL;DR: Differences were observed in the cell cycle characteristics of CFU-M as determined in vivo and in vitro that suggest that maturation of CF U-M into megakaryocytes may be regulated within the marrow by control of thecell cycle of the megakARYocyte precursor cell.
Patent•
02 Oct 1978TL;DR: Pyrimidine nucleosides exhibiting anti-viral and anti-tumor effects have the formula ##STR1## wherein A is OR3, SR3, NR3 R4 or NHacyl as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Pyrimidine nucleosides exhibiting anti-viral and anti-tumor effects have the formula ##STR1## wherein A is OR3, SR3, NR3 R4 or NHacyl wherein R3 and R4 are the same or different and are hydrogen, lower alkyl of 1 to 7 carbon atoms, aralkyl, or aryl; NHacyl is alkanoyl or aroyl amide; B is oxygen or sulfur; X is halogen, alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl; Y is halogen, amino, monoalkyl- or monoaralkylamino, dialkylamino, aminomethyl, hydroxymethyl, lower alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, vinyl and substituted vinyl or ethynyl and substituted ethynyl; Z is methyne or nitrogen; R1 and R2 are the same or different and are hydrogen acyl or aroyl.
TL;DR: It is proposed that there is a virus-specific protein that functions to promote initiation of 26S RNA transcription at an internal site on the 42S minus-strand RNA and to block transcription on the minus strand in this region by the SFV RNA polymerase that had bound and was copying the minus-Strand RNA from its 3' end.
Abstract: When cells infected with the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) mutant ts-4 were shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, synthesis of 26S RNA ceased, whereas synthesis of 42S RNA continued normally. These two single-stranded SFV RNAs are synthesized in two types of replicative intermediate (RI), 26S RNA in RIb and 42S RNA in RIa. Cessation of 26S RNA synthesis after shift up in temperature was accompanied by loss of RIb. When infected cells were shifted back down to 27°C, 26S RNA synthesis resumed, coincident with the reappearance of RIb. In both types of RI, the 42S minus-strand RNA is template for synthesis of plus-strand RNA. In pulse-chase experiments, we obtained RIs labeled only in their minus-strand RNA, and thus could follow the fate of RIs assembled at 27°C when they were shifted to 39°C. Our results show that, after shift up to 39°C, there was a quantitative conversion of RIs in which 26S RNA had been synthesized to RIs in which 42S RNA was synthesized. This conversion of RIb to RIa was reversible, since RIs in which 26S RNA was synthesized reappeared when the infected cultures were shifted back down to 27°C. We propose that, associated with RIb, in which 26S RNA is synthesized, there is a virus-specific protein that functions to promote initiation of 26S RNA transcription at an internal site on the 42S minus-strand RNA and to block transcription on the minus strand in this region by the SFV RNA polymerase that had bound and was copying the minus-strand RNA from its 3′ end. A ribonuclease-sensitive region would thus result in the sequence adjacent to the one that was complementary to 26S RNA. This virus-specific protein is not a component of the SFV RNA polymerase that continues to transcribe 42S RNA, and it is temperature sensitive in ts-4 mutant-infected cells. When this virus-specific protein is not present on RIs, the SFV polymerase transcribes the whole 42S minus-strand RNA and yields 42S plus-strand RNA.
TL;DR: In vitro studies have shed light on the interactions occurring during leukemia and it is apparent that in vitro experimentation is only beginning to understand these inter-relationships and their relevance to the in vivo situation.
TL;DR: The results support the concept that β 0 thalassemia is heterogeneous in its molecular basis even within the same racial group: in some patients, it is associated with absent β globin mRNA, whereas in other patients, its associated with low but significant levels of nonfunctional β or β-like globin RNA.
TL;DR: The induction of IgG production or enhancement of IgM secretion in several human B lymphoblastoid cell lines with the help of normal T cells is reported here, enabling incisive analysis of induction and switching of gene action at the molecular level.
Abstract: THYMUS-DERIVED (T) lymphocytes play a critical part in the induction of B lymphocytes to antibody production1, especially for conversion of IgM to IgG response2. In humans, the presence of T lymphocytes is also essential for the induction of IgM or IgG production by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated B lymphocytes3,4. In many experiments it has been shown that antigen-specific5 or nonspecific6–8 soluble factors from T cells, together with antigen or other inducers, for example, anti-immunoglobulin antibody, acting on B-cell surface receptors9, can also provide the stimulus for Ig production in B cells. However, the chemical nature of a B-cell acceptor for the T–effector molecule, the biochemical events responsible for the differentiation of B cells to Ig-producing cells, and the mechanism of the switch of transcription from μ chain to γ chain genes under the influence of T cells remain largely unknown. Heterogeneity of B-cell population in spleen, lymph node and blood has hindered the molecular analysis of immune phenomena. In this situation, B lymphoblastoid cell lines may be useful models for such analysis, since they may be arrested at certain phases of their differentiative history and if influenced by T cells or T-cell factors might permit incisive analysis of induction and switching of gene action at the molecular level. We report here the induction of IgG production or enhancement of IgM secretion in several human B lymphoblastoid cell lines with the help of normal T cells.
TL;DR: Cryoprecipitation of McE is interpreted as a general solubility effect as opposed to an antibody-antigen phenomenon, and calculation of structural parameters from these amino acid compositions suggests that the heavy chains of cryoimmunoglobulins may contain significantly greater amounts of polypeptide chain turns than do noncryoglobulin references.
TL;DR: Two sites were found for the 5S RNA genes; one is closely linked to the 18+28S gene site on chromosome 12 and one is at or near the telomere of the long arm of chromosome 19.
Abstract: The genes coding for the two classes of ribosomal RNA molecules, 5S RNA and 18+28S RNA, have been localized in the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). The 18+28S RNA cistrons are found on three chromosomes, at secondary constrictions on the short arms of chromosomes 3 and 12 and at the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 11. These sites were confirmed using the silver staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions. Two sites were found for the 5S RNA genes; one is closely linked to the 18+28S gene site on chromosome 12. The second site is at or near the telomere of the long arm of chromosome 19.
TL;DR: From 1970 to 1978, 135 of 429 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate had pelvic lymph nodal involvement at the time of bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and Iodine-125 interstitial implantation at Memorial Stan-Kettering Cancer Center.
Abstract: From 1970 to 1978, 135 of 429 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate (31 %) had pelvic lymph nodal involvement at the time of bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and Iodine-125 interstitial implantation of the prostate at Memorial Stan-Kettering Cancer Center. Postoperative external irradiation was given in 28 patients to the whole pelvis alone or with the para-aortic region. Determinate 5 year survival was 54% with ( 7 13 ) and without ( 13 24 ) external irradiation, and tumor-free survival was 15% ( 2 13 ) with and 21 % ( 5 24 ) without external irradiation. Of 123 patients with 6 months to 7 years of follow-up, 31 (25%) with local control of the primary tumor developed distant metastases, mainly osseous, and 20 (16%) had local recurrence or persistence with or without distant spread.
TL;DR: The distribution of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in isolated rat hepatocytes that had been first treated with rabbit antiserum against purified rat liver transHydrogenase and then with ferritin-conjugated goat anti-rabbit gamma-globulin was examined by electron microscopy, consistent with the idea that gluthalione- insulin trans Hydrogenase probably synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum.
TL;DR: The results indicate that lymphocytes can bind Fe3+ and the possible implications of this finding are discussed in relation to the known roles played by T lymphocytes in the control of erythropoiesis and cellular immunity.
TL;DR: When grown under aerobic conditions, Rhizobium japonicum 61A76 contains two forms of glutamine synthetase, GSI and GSII, but cells grown under the low O 2 tensions required for nitrogenase synthesis contain only GSI.
TL;DR: The differences among the four Dw4 HTC recognized in secondary MLC could reflect either recognition of separate gene products or Recognition of separate determinants on the same gene product.
Abstract: Homozygous typing cells (HTC) were primed, using responding and stimulating lymphocytes of the same HLA-D groups. These intra-HLA-D group primings showed strong specific responses. Restimulation by HLA-D heterozygous and homozygous cell panels showed no correlation between the restimulating determinant and HLA-D. On the other hand, an unrelated individual, not carrying Dw4 and primed to Dw4 HTC, is restimulated by three of four Dw4-HTC. Thus, one non-HLA-D-associated restimulating determinant and another HLA-D-associated determinant could be identified. The differences among the four Dw4 HTC recognized in secondary MLC could reflect either recognition of separate gene products or recognition of separate determinants on the same gene product.
TL;DR: Human cytotoxic lymphocytes, sensitized in vitro in one‐way mixed lymphocyte cultures between two unrelated individuals, reveal that the new specificity defined by the CTL is controlled by HLA, and its recognition may be restricted by the HLA complex.
Abstract: Human cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), sensitized in vitro in one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures between two unrelated individuals, have been used to study target cell determinants. One pair of CTL shows strong cell-mediated lympholysis responses against the specific target cells as well as against third-party target cells obtained from unrelated individuals. Testing of sixty target cells shows a significant association between the two CTL with a correlation coefficient of 0.67 in the panel. The target determinant recognized by the CTL is not an HLA-A,B,C or D specificity, as defined by standard serological and cellular reagents. Segregation studies in a large family reveal that the new specificity defined by the CTL is controlled by HLA, and its recognition may be restricted by the HLA complex.
TL;DR: Cytotoxicity tests on preimplantation embryos show that t12 homozygotes are less susceptible to antiF9 serum than tw5 homozygote, and that using specific antimutant haplotype antisera prepared against sperm, t12 antigen is detectable on morulae, whereas tw5 antigen is not.
Abstract: Serological studies relating F9 antigen of embryonal carcinoma cells to[Formula: see text] at the murineT/t complex have been extended and confirm that only the lethal haplotype t(12)- and none of the other five lethal haplotypes-affects the quantitative expression of F9 antigen on sperm. Cytotoxicity tests on preimplantation embryos show that t(12) homozygotes are less susceptible to antiF9 serum than t(w5) homozygotes, and that using specific antimutant haplotype antisera prepared against sperm, t(12) antigen is detectable on morulae, whereas t(w5) antigen is not.
TL;DR: It is reported here that lethal THp/+ maternal heterozygotes are readily rescued if they are aggregated with normal embryos, but that the germ cell defect persists, because the chimaeras fail, if female, to transmit THp to viable offspring.
Abstract: THE mutation THp at the T/t locus in the mouse is unique among mammalian genes because it has a sharply defined maternal effect. Like other known T/t locus dominant mutations, THp yields a short-tailed phenotype in heterozygotes of both sexes. However, THp/+ females when mated with wild type fail to give birth to short–tailed progeny; examination of embryos shows that heterozygous embryos die late in gestation with seemingly minor defects such as spina bifida and polydactyly1–3. The precise reason for death has not been determined, but must depend on some defect intrinsic to the egg, because THp/+ females successfully carry to term heterozygous embryos whose THp gene is paternally derived. I report here that lethal THp/+ maternal heterozygotes are readily rescued if they are aggregated with normal embryos, but that the germ cell defect persists, because the chimaeras fail, if female, to transmit THp to viable offspring.
TL;DR: The PCM from soybean cell suspension cultures was found to aid the expression of nitrogenase activity in suspension cultures of rhizobia normally associated with either peas, lupins, broad beans, or clovers, which is the first communication indicating nitrogen enzyme activity in freeliving cultures for various species of Rhizobia.
Abstract: Conditioned medium was obtained from suspension cultures of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrit) cells after incubating them for 4 to 8 days with rhizobia which were separated from the soybean cells by two dialysis bags, one within another. This conditioned medium from the plant cell side (PCM) of the two membranes was used to elicit and influence nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) in rhizobia. When conditions for obtaining PCM from the soybean cell suspension cultures were varied, it could be shown that freshly grown rhizobia were able to induce active compounds in the PCM. These compounds caused acetylene reduction activity in test rhizobia under conditions where control rhizobia, containing various substrates, showed little or no acetylene reduction activity. Rhizobia that were already capable of acetylene reduction could not induce such compounds in the PCM when this was included with test rhizobia. The PCM from soybean cultures was also found to aid the expression of nitrogenase activity in suspension cultures of rhizobia normally associated with either peas, lupins, broad beans, or clovers. This is the first communication indicating nitrogenase activity in freeliving cultures for various species of rhizobia.
TL;DR: The results indicate that 3T6-VrB2 contains a mutation affecting the regulation of the murine interferon system such that the cell is engaged in the semiconstitutive synthesis of interferons.
TL;DR: Cytoplasmic extracts of untreated cultures of a virus-resistant mutant of mouse 3T6 cells, designated 3T 6-VrB2, contain two double-stranded, RNA-activated enzyme activities associated with interferon action, and both the level of protein kinase activity and the magnitude of the antiviral state were established in these cells.