Showing papers by "Kyushu University published in 1969"
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a series of experiments conducted to clarify the space restriction effect on the saturated boiling heat-transfer phenomena are reported, and the main purpose of this study is to detect and prove the heat transfer characteristics of the coalesced bubble region.
138 citations
122 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the nuclear and magnetic diffraction of neutrons from powder and single-crystal samples of KCu${\mathrm{F}}_{3} at temperatures between 298 and 4.
Abstract: We have investigated the nuclear and magnetic diffraction of neutrons from powder and single-crystal samples of KCu${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ at temperatures between 298 and 4.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, in order to establish the magnetic structure, and, in particular, to try to determine whether there exist any long-range one-dimensional correlations in this material. Previous work has shown that KCu${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ has two stable polytype tetragonal structures which may coexist over a large range of temperatures. The samples used in this work indicated the simultaneous presence of both these structures, and gave diffraction peaks indicative of $D_{4h}^{}{}_{}{}^{18}$ and $D_{4h}^{}{}_{}{}^{5}$ space groups. Both structures are found to have type-$A$ magnetic ordering with the spins lying in the $a\ensuremath{-}b$ plane. Our results suggest that the $D_{4h}^{}{}_{}{}^{18}$ structure orders at 38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, while the $D_{4h}^{}{}_{}{}^{5}$ may order at 22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The moment of the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ ion is determined to be $0.49\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$. No direct evidence for one-dimensional order above 38\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K nor for long-range one-dimensional correlations has been found, but their presence has not been unambiguously ruled out.
112 citations
Journal Article•
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the symmetrical unsteady vortices behind a circular cylinder started from rest either impulsively of with uniform acceleration were investigated experimentally using a flow visualization technique.
Abstract: The symmetrical unsteady vortices behind a circular cylinder started from rest either impulsively of with uniform acceleration were investigated experimentally using a flow visualization technique. The variation of the length of the vortices with time was determined from the photographs obtained at Reynolds numbers ranging from 31 to 1700 and dimensionless accelerations from 195 to 2.44×10 5 . The length of the unsteady vortices exceeds 4.3 cylinder diameters at about a Reynolds number of 100, or a dimensionless acceleration of 500. The secondary vortices were formed upstream side of the main vortices at Reynolds numbers higher than 550, or dimensionless accelerations higher than 5×10 5 .
81 citations
TL;DR: In the Miocene Kosaka formation of NE-Japan, submarine volcanic sedimentary deposits of the Kuroko-type occur as discussed by the authors, which consists mainly of volcanics which erupted in a submarine environment.
Abstract: In the Miocene Kosaka formation of NE-Japan, submarine volcanic sedimentary deposits of the Kuroko-type occur. This formation consists mainly of volcanics which erupted in a submarine environment. The “Kosaka Volcano” was built up by nine or more volcanic events of a single eruptive cycle. The mode of eruption during a representative single eruptive cycle changed as follows: The Uwamuki tuff breccia is a contact product between dacitic magma and the sea water. Dacitic magma pushed the Motoyama dacite dome upward, as a result of the decrease in vesicularity and perhaps also in temperature. Next, a steam explosion occurred at a flank of this lava dome. The hydrothermal activity which began in this steam explosion center is responsible for the formation of the Kuroko-type Cu-Zn-Pb-mineral deposits. Similar examples of a single eruptive cycle as at Kosaka are also found in Quaternary terrestrial volcanoes of Japan.
78 citations
70 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a continuous and concurrent decomposition and release of nitrogen in soil, whereby the nitrogen of the decomposing system is transformed steadily from inorganic to organic state by immobilization and back from organic to inorganic state by decay and mineralization.
Abstract: Usually, immobilization and release of nitrogen in soil are going on continuously and concurrently, whereby the nitrogen of the decomposing system is transformed steadily from inorganic to organic state by immobilization and back from organic to inorganic state by decay and mineralization. The driving agents of this turnover are soil microorganisms, C/N ratio, temperature, moisture, pH etc., and the energy needed to keep this cycle running derives from decomposable organic compounds added to soil in the forms of plant residues and excretions of roots and stored in the form of soil organic matter.
66 citations
TL;DR: A case of clear‐cell sarcoma of patellar tendon in a 31‐year‐old Japanese woman is reported, with an emphasis on its electron microscopic description, and it seems that the tumor might fall under the category of synovial Sarcoma.
Abstract: A case of clear-cell sarcoma of patellar tendon in a 31-year-old Japanese woman is reported, with an emphasis on its electron microscopic description. The chief fine structural findings were: 1. presence of 2 types of cells—large clear cell and small dark cell, with abundant glycogen contents, 2. basement membrane and pseudoacinal structures, 3. filopodia, and 4. electron-dense bodies in the cytoplasm. Some histogenetic relation to synovial tissue was suggested. It seems that the tumor might fall under the category of synovial sarcoma.
63 citations
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, structural phase changes in K 2 SeO 4 have been found at 129.5°K and 93°K by introducing free radical SeO4 -as a probe.
Abstract: Structural phase changes in K 2 SeO 4 have been found at 129.5°K and 93°K by introducing free radical SeO 4 - as a probe. The structure in the temperature range between 129.5°K and 93°K is expected to be orthorhombic with the crystallographic axes coincident with those of room temperature. The unit cell may contain twelve molecules located at three different sites. A superstructure, a tripled lattice parameter along the a axis, has been found by X-ray diffraction method and an expected space group is Pnam . It is ferroelectric along the c axis below 93°K. A possible unit cell contains twelve molecules located at six different sites and is monoclinic in the space group P 2 1 , in which the superstructure is maintained. The crystal probably consists of fine twins with the common c axis and they are related with each other by mirror planes. The higher transition is of second order and the lower of first order. Conformations of radicals SeO 2 - and SeO 3 - in the crystal lattice are illustrated.
TL;DR: There is a difference in the pattern of vessel involvement between the Japanese and Minnesota populations, and a comparison of the degree of atherosclerosis in individual vessels indicates that it is in the smaller vessels that the Japanese cases present more severe involvement than the Minnesota cases.
TL;DR: The responses of the papillary muscle membrane to intracellular stimulation differed from those to extracellular stimulation applied with the partition method in the following ways: higher threshold potential, shorter latency for the active response, linearity of the current-voltage relationship, and no reduction in the membrane resistance at the crest of the action potential during current flow.
Abstract: Passive and active responses to intracellular and extracellular stimulation were studied in the canine papillary muscle. The electrotonic potential produced by extracellular polarization with the partition chamber method fitted the time course and the spatial decay expected from the cable theory (the time constant, 3.3 msec; the space constant, 1.2 mm). Contrariwise, spatial decay of the electrotonic potentials produced by intracellular polarization was very short and did not fit the decay curve expected for a simple cable, although only a small difference of time course in the electrotonic potentials produced by intracellular and extracellular polarizations was observed. A similar time course might result from the fact that when current flow results from intracellular polarization, the input resistance is less dependent on the membrane resistance. The foot of the propagated action potential rose exponentially with a time constant of 1.1 msec and a conduction velocity of 0.68 m/sec. The membrane capacity was calculated from the time constant of the foot potential and the conduction velocity to be 0.76 µF/cm2. The responses of the papillary muscle membrane to intracellular stimulation differed from those to extracellular stimulation applied with the partition method in the following ways: higher threshold potential, shorter latency for the active response, linearity of the current-voltage relationship, and no reduction in the membrane resistance at the crest of the action potential during current flow.
TL;DR: Morphine 6-glucuronide could not be detected in either unfractionated urine or bile samples; however, after repeated purification of urinary extracts, this glucuronide was demonstrated for the first time to be a minor metabolite of morphine.
TL;DR: The properties of the miniature inhibitory junction potentials and the inhibitory Junction potentials elicited by nerve stimulation were investigated in longitudinal muscle fibres of the earthworm and showed skew curves, with and without presence of GABA.
Abstract: 1. The properties of the miniature inhibitory junction potentials (M.I.J.P.) and the inhibitory junction potentials (I.J.P.) elicited by nerve stimulation were investigated in longitudinal muscle fibres of the earthworm. 2. Histograms of the amplitudes(mean,0.71mV.) and the intervals (mean, 101 msec.) of the M.I.J.P. showed skew curves. 3. The polarity of the M.I.J.P. was reversed at about -60 mV. When the external chloride was substituted by glutamate the M.I.J.P. disappeared as an external chloride concentration of 15-20 mM, and further reduction reversed their polarity. 4. Picrotoxin blocked generation of the M.I.J.P. and the I.J.P. 5. The cross-over point of the current-voltage relation curves, with and without presence of GABA, occurred at a membrane potential of -54 mV. in potassium-free solution, and at -56 mV. in potassium-excess solution. 6. Iontophoretic application of GABA produced slow hyperpolarization. The equilibrium potential of the GABA-potential was about -60 mV. During the time course of the GABA-potentials an increase in the membrane conductance was observed. 7. Miniature excitatory junction potentials (M.E.J.P.) and excitatory junction potentials (E.J.P.) could be recorded from the longitudinal muscle, but the M.E.J.P. were rare. 8. D-tubocurarine, but not atropine, completely blocked the M.E.J.P. and E.J.P. Prostigmine enhanced their amplitude and duration. 9. The reversal potential level for the E.J.P. was about 0 mV. Sodium-free solution lowered the reversal potential level for the M.E.J.P. to -20 mV.
TL;DR: Effective membrane resistance measured by the intracellular polarizing method was reduced during the peak of the excitatory potential, but the degree of reduction was smaller than that evoked by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine.
Abstract: Field stimulation of the jejunum elicited successively an action potential of spike form, a slow excitatory depolarization, a slow inhibitory hyperpolarization, and a postinhibitory depolarization as a rebound excitation. The slow depolarization often triggered the spike. The inhibitory potential showed lower threshold than did the excitatory potential. Both the excitatory potentials were abolished by atropine and tetrodotoxin. Effective membrane resistance measured by the intracellular polarizing method was reduced during the peak of the excitatory potential, but the degree of reduction was smaller than that evoked by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine. Conditioning hyperpolarization of the muscle membrane modified the amplitude of the excitatory potential. The estimated reversal potential level for the excitatory potenialt was about 0 mv. No changes could be observed in the amplitude of the inhibitory potential when hyperpolarization was induced with intracellularly applied current. Low [K]o and [Ca]o blocked the generation of the excitatory potential but the amplitude of the inhibitory potential was enhanced in low [K]o. Low [Ca]o and high [Mg]o had no effect on the inhibitory potential.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that polyvinylferrocene undergoes readily cationic polymerization by FRIEDEL-CRAFTS and other catalysts, which is consistent with the stability of the α-ferrocenylearbonium ion inferred from solvolysis and other reactions.
Abstract: Vinylferrocene was shown to undergo readily cationic polymerization by FRIEDEL-CRAFTS and other cationic catalysts. The polymers obtained possessed rather low molecular weights, the highest being 3500. In spite of the high reactivity of the ferrocene nucleus towards electrophilic substitution, no mode of propagation other than vinyl addition was detected when the infrared spectra of polymers prepared by cationic and free radical reactions were compared. The electronic spectra of polyvinylferrocene and its oxidized form were similar to those of ferrocene and ferricinium ion, respectively. In the cationie copolymerization with styrene, the latter was incorporated into the polymer only when the styrene content in the monomer feed exceeded 90%. The copolymerization with vinyl isobutyl ether (M2) by BF3OEt2 in toluene at 0°C gave the reactivity ratios: r1 = 0.1 ± 0.1, r2 = 9.7 ± 1.0. The high cationic reactivity of vinylferrocene is consistent with the stability of the α-ferrocenylearbonium ion inferred from solvolysis and other reactions.
Eswurde gezeigt, das sich Vinylferrocen durch FRIEDEL-CRAFTS- und andere kationische Katalysatoren leicht polymerisieren last. Die erhaltenen Polymeren hatten jedoch nur maximale Molekulargewichte von 3500. Trotz der hohen Reaktivitat des Ferrocenkerns gegenuber einer elektrophilen Substitution wurde keine andere Wachstumsreaktion gefunden als die Vinyladdition, wie man durch Vergleich der IR-Spektren der durch kationische Polymerisation erhaltenen Polymeren mit den durch Radikalpolynierisation erhaltenen feststellen konnte. Die Elektronenspektren des Polyvinylferrocens und seiner oxydierten Form gleichen denen des Ferrocens bzw. des Ferriciniumions. Bei der kationischen Copolymerisation mit Styrol wird dieses nur dann in nennenswerter Menge eingebaut, wenn der Styrolgehalt in der Monomerenmischung 90% ubersteliat. Die Copolymerisation mit Vinylisobutylather (M2) durch BF3O(C2H5)2 in Toluol bei 0°C ergab die Copolymerisations-parameter: r1 = 0,1 ± 0,1, r2 = 9,7 ± 1,0. Die hohe kationische Reaktivitat des Vinylferrocens steht in Ubereinstimmung mit der aus der Solvolyse und anderen Reaktionen abgeleiteten Stabilitat des α-Ferrocenylearboniumions.
TL;DR: The compound eyes of two species of damsel-flies were examined by electron microscopy and the functional differentiation among different types of cells is discussed with relation to the analysis of the polarized light and the discrimination of the diffraction images.
Abstract: The compound eyes of two species of damsel-flies, Ishunura senegalensis and Cersion calamorum, were examined by electron microscopy. Each ommatidium is composed of eight retinula cells which are semistratified in the receptor layer. The retinula cells are divided into four types from the difference of levels in the rhabdom formation; one distal large cell having the rhabdomere only in the distal layer, four middle cells forming the rhabdom in the middle layer, two proximal cells making up the rhabdom in the proximal layer and one distal small cell having no rhabdomere in any layers. In addition, the lamina ganglionaris was partly observed. Some retinula axons terminate at an different level from the other axons. The functional differentiation among these different types of cells is discussed with relation to the analysis of the polarized light and the discrimination of the diffraction images.
TL;DR: In the taste buds of rat circumvallate papillae the taste bud cells are easily distinguished into two cell types, a light cell and a dark cell, according to their cellular arrangement and morphological characteristics.
Abstract: In the taste buds of rat circumvallate papillae the taste bud cells are easily distinguished into two cell types, a light cell and a dark cell, according to their cellular arrangement and morphological characteristics.1. The cytoplasm of the light cell, which is less dense than that of the dark cell, is characterized by the presence of a few lysosomes and many empty vesicles. The apical portion of the light cell ends in short microvilli which do not reach the outer surface of the taste pore.2. The dark cell contains well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and numerous dense granules in the cytoplasm. In its apical portion the dark cell projects a rod-shaped process extending from the inner part of a taste pore to the external environment. The dark cell partly envelops the light cell in a manner similar to the relationship between nerve and Schwann cell.3. In the nerve fibers ramifying within the taste bud there are two forms comprising club-like endings and beaded endings. Synaptic contacts take place between the nerve and the light cell at the lower half of the bud. Synaptic vesicles of about 400-600A in diameter are found in the cytoplasm of the light cells. Occasionally, the axoplasm contain both empty and granular vesicles.
TL;DR: A new xanthone C-glucoside, C19H18O11·1/2H2O, decomposing over 260° without melting, [α]21D+5.5° (pyridine), was isolated in a pure state along with mangiferin (I) from the aerial parts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides BUNGE (Liliaceae) and named isomangiferin this article.
TL;DR: Following Dixon's theory, it was concluded that at least five ionizable groups (loosing positive charges above pH 10.5) were located at the receptor site.
Abstract: Reproducible results describing the effects of pH on the response of the labellar sugar receptor of the fleshfly, Boettcherisca peregrina, were obtained. The response to sucrose was independent over a wide range of pH (3.0 to 10.0 for sucrose stimulation), but was inhibited fairly sharply on both sides of this range. Similar results were obtained for monosaccharide stimulation. The receptor was excited on stimulation by water above pH 12.0. The effects of high pH, both inhibitory and excitatory, were affected by the presence of salts. In the presence of 0.5 molar NaCl, for example, the pH-inhibition curve was shifted toward lower pH's by about one pH unit. The effects of low pH, on the other hand, were not affected by salts. Following Dixon's theory, it was concluded that at least five ionizable groups (loosing positive charges above pH 10.5) were located at the receptor site.
TL;DR: Using rat's circumvallate papillae, ATPase, alk.
Abstract: Using rat's circumvallate papillae, ATPase, alk. Pase and acid Pase of taste buds were observed after the transection of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
The taste buds began to disappear after the nerve was cut and were completely lost after ten days. Following the regeneration of the glossopharyngeal nerve, taste buds reappeared from the bottom of the gutters of circumvallate papillae about 25 days after the operation.
ATPase was strongly present on the cell membrane of taste bud cells as far as they existed during degeneration and regeneration. Alk. Pase, which is normally localized on the superficial layers of the epithelium overlying the gutters of circumvallate papilla, gradually diminished as the taste buds degenerated and reappeared as the taste buds regenerated; that is, the activity began to diminish three days after the operation, became feeble after ten days and reappeared after 25 days. It is concluded that taste bud cells secrete alk. Pase in the gutters of circumvallate papillae. Acid Pase activity, usually found in the supranuclear portion of taste bud cells, was intensely reactive during degeneration but did not reappear at the early stage of regeneration of taste bud cells.
TL;DR: In this article, a pseudopotential approach was used to calculate the band structure of Bi 2 Te 3 using the model potential of Abarenkov, Animalu and Heine.
Abstract: Calculations of the band structure of Bi 2 Te 3 are carried out by means of a pseudopotential approach. The pseudopotential used in the calculation is the model potential of Abarenkov, Animalu and Heine. The spin-orbit term is included from the start. The inclusion of the spin-orbit term serves to avoid band overlap throughout the Brillouin zone. The secular equations derived from the matrices of the pseudopotential Hamiltonian are solved at 7 symmetry points and along lines between the symmetry points and also at points on the reflection plane near the extrema of the conduction and the valence bands. The resulting band structure is consistent with galvanomagnetic experiments, and band parameters agree with one of the two sets presented by Efimova et al. on the basis of an analysis of their galvanomagnetic experiment.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The fine structure of ellipsoids in a number of vertebrate retinas was studied in material prepared with various fixatives, and several atypicalEllipsoidal mitochondria were found in ellipSOids of certain animals.
Abstract: The fine structure of ellipsoids in a number of vertebrate retinas was studied in material prepared with various fixatives Several atypical ellipsoidal mitochondria were found in ellipsoids of certain animals A peculiar configuration of the internal mitochondrial membranes caused by fusion of the outer surfaces of adjacent cristae was found in the lamprey retina Intramitochondrial glycogen granules and granular or filamentous intracristal inclusions were observed in the toad and giant salamander, respectively In photoreceptor cells of the gecko, carp, and snake, the ellipsoid was particularly differentiated, containing modified mitochondria The possible functional significance of such differentiated ellipsoids is discussed briefly with respect to the oil droplets
TL;DR: In this article, a general expression of the interaction energy between fluxoids and lattice defects is obtained by perturbational calculations of the generalized Ginzburg-Landau equations, which are derived by minimizing the free energy of the mixed state including elastic terms.
Abstract: A general expression of the interaction energy between fluxoids and lattice defects is obtained by perturbational calculations of the generalized Ginzburg-Landau equations, which are derived by minimizing the free energy of the mixed state including elastic terms. The present expression is the same as Labusch's obtained only for a special type of lattice defects with a pure shear, but is shown to be applicable to any type of defects. The interaction force between a fluxoid and a lattice defect is derived for some typical types of defects by the use of the present expression of interaction energy, and the results of previous authors are shown to be unsatisfactory, even qualitatively. The present results give the first step for the derivation of a general expression of the so-called “pinning force”, which is the final purpose of this series.
01 Dec 1969-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: Unitary discharges were recorded from various areas of the brain in the fleshfly, whose compound eyes were occluded to light but the ocelli were exposed to it, suggesting that the ocells regulate the brain activity.
Abstract: Unitary discharges were recorded from various areas of the brain in the fleshfly (Boettcherisca peregrina), whose compound eyes were occluded to light but the ocelli were exposed to it.
1.
Giving olfactory and mechanical stimulation to the antenna, the excitatory and the inhibitory neurones were found. In the excitatory neurones the unitary discharges appeared during the stimulation or the spontaneous discharges were increased by it. Phasic responses were found mostly in the protocerebrum, and tonic ones were in the deutocerebra, tritocerebra and the suboesophageal ganglion. In the inhibitory neurones the spontaneous discharges disappeared during the stimulation. The inhibition of the discharge was tonic in the deuto- and tritocerebra.
2.
When the ocelli were illuminated, the frequency of the spontaneous discharges was increased in many units and was decreased in some units.
3.
By turning off the illumination to the ocelli, the unitary response to the antennal stimulation was decreased (light facilitatory unit) in most units of the protocerebrum, while it was increased (light occlusive unit) in most units of the deutocerebra, tritocerebra and the suboesophageal ganglion.
4.
By darkening the ocelli, the latency of the unitary response was prolonged in most of the light facilitatory units, while it was shortened in the light occlusive units.
5.
The light facilitatory units were mainly found in the medial region of the brain, and the light occlusive units were in the dorsal region of the protocerebrum and in the ventral region of the deutocerebra, tritocerebra and the suboesophageal ganglion.
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of flux jumps in a slab of a nonideal type-2 superconductor is developed by the use of a phenomenological theory of the flux motion.
Abstract: A theory of flux jumps in a slab of a nonideal type-2 superconductor is developed by the use of a phenomenological theory of flux motion To include explicitly in the theory the various quantities which are controllable experimentally, the temperature inside the slab is assumed to be approximately uniform Then a flux jump is characterized by a catastrophically sharp rise of the temperature of the sample The criteria for the occurrence of flux jumps are derived under such an assumption, together with the relation between the value of external magnetic field, at which a flux jump starts, and the sweeping rate of the external magnetic field Various behaviors of flux jumps observed experimentally are reasonably explained by the present theory in a quantitative way