Libera!

About: Libera! is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Bellman equation & European union. The organization has 501 authors who have published 571 publications receiving 7962 citations.

Public and Private Regulation. Mapping the Labyrinth

Abstract: Private governance is currently being evoked as a viable solution to many public policy goals. However, in some circumstances it has shown to produce more harm than good, and even disastrous consequences as in the case of the financial crisis that is raging in most advanced economies. Although the current track record of private regulatory schemes is mixed, policy guidance documents around the world still require that policy-makers give priority to self- and co-regulation, with little or no additional guidance being given to policymakers to devise when, and under what circumstances, these solutions can prove viable from a public policy perspective. With an array of examples from several policy fields, this paper approaches regulation as a public-private collaborative form and attempts to identify possible policy tools to be applied by public policy-makers to efficiently and effectively approach private governance as a solution, rather than a problem. We propose a six-step theoretical framework and argue that IA techniques should: i) define an integrated framework including both the possibility that private regulation can be used as an alternative or as a complement to public legislation; ii) involve private parties in public IAs in order to define the best strategy or strategies that would ensure achievement of the regulatory objectives; and iii) contemplate the deployment of indicators related to governance and activities of the regulators and their ability to coordinate and solve disputes with other regulators.

Biochemical properties of metalloproteinases from the hemolymph of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.

Abstract: The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) with gelatinase activity was found in the whole hemolymph of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. Cleavage activity was specific for gelatin; very little activity towards human type-IV collagen, and no activity for cold fish gelatin, casein or bovine serum albumin were detected. EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline were inhibitory, suggesting that mussel MMPs require divalent cations for their proteolytic activity; in fact, the presence of exogenously added divalent ions significantly protected the MMPs from inhibition. No inhibition was detected with serine or cysteine proteinase inhibitors. The specific vertebrate inhibitors as well as the classical vertebrate activator of MMPs were without effect, whereas sulphydryl reducing agents had a strong inhibitory effect. Mussel MMPs showed an exponential curve of thermal-dependent decay that was not protected by the presence of metal ions. Overall the results indicate both similarities and differences between invertebrate and vertebrate gelatinases, providing information for understanding the biological role of these ancient proteinases.

Circles and triangles an experimental estimation of indifference lines in the marschak‐machina triangle

Abstract: An experiment in which 68 subjects are asked 60 pairwise preference questions involving random prospects from 4 Marschak-Machina Triangles is used to estimate 3 preference functional: Subjective Expected Utility, Difference Regret and Generalized Regret. The Difference Regret formulation fits significantly worse than the other two but Generalized Regret does not appear to fit significantly better than SEU, at least for the majority of the subjects.

Strategies for managing the structural and dynamic consequences of project complexity

Abstract: We propose a theoretical framework that highlights the most important consequences of complexity for the form and evolution of projects and use it to develop a typology of project complexity. This framework also enables us to deepen the understanding of how knowledge production and flexibility strategies enable project participants to address complexity. Based on this understanding, we advance a number of propositions regarding the strategies that can be most effective for different categories of complexity. These results contribute to the integration of various strands in the research on project complexity and provide a roadmap for further research on the strategies for addressing it.