Showing papers by "Loma Linda University published in 1986"
TL;DR: In this paper, a general theory of addictions is proposed, using the compulsive gambler as the prototype, and addiction is defined as a dependent state acquired over time to relieve stress, and two interrelated sets of factors predispose persons to addictions: an abnormal physiological resting state and childhood experiences producing a deep sense of inadequacy.
Abstract: A general theory of addictions is proposed, using the compulsive gambler as the prototype. Addiction is defined as a dependent state acquired over time to relieve stress. Two interrelated sets of factors predispose persons to addictions: an abnormal physiological resting state, and childhood experiences producing a deep sense of inadequacy. All addictions are hypothesized to follow a similar three-stage course. A matrix strategy is outlined to collect similar information from different kinds of addicts and normals. The ultimate objective is to identify high risk youth and prevent the development of addictions.
542 citations
TL;DR: The dimension of individualism-collectivism, as identified by Hofstede (1980), was studied using items developed both theoretically and emically in nine diverse cultures in this paper.
Abstract: The dimension of individualism-collectivism, as identified by Hofstede (1980), was studied using items developed both theoretically and emically in nine diverse cultures. The dimension was found to be analysable into four stable etic factors: Individualism had two aspects (Separation from Ingroups and Self-Reliance with Hedonism) and collectivism had two aspects (Family Integrity and Interdependence with Sociability). These four factors are orthogonal to each other. The location of nine cultures on these four factors was used to compute a “collectivism” score which correlated r = + · 73 with Hofstede's (1980) collectivism scores for the nine cultures. This approach enables the measurement of individualism-collectivism in each culture as well as across cultures, and shows that different methods for measuring individualism-collectivism converge.
523 citations
TL;DR: It may be concluded that the mean loss in probing attachment levels, commonly seen for shallow sites post-therapy, may be primarily due to the changes in shallow, thin healthy areas.
Abstract: Periodontal sites of shallow initial probing depth often seem to lose probing attachment following various types of periodontal therapy, including nonsurgical therapy. The susceptibility to this treatment-associated probing attachment loss may conceivably be related to gingival architecture as well as to the inflammatory status of the tissues. This study was designed to study the relationship of buccolingual gingival thickness and bleeding on probing in shallow buccal sites (less than or equal to 3.5 mm probing depth) to loss of probing attachment following nonsurgical therapy. 3 months following treatment consisting of oral hygiene instruction and supra- and subgingival debridement, thin (less than or equal to 1.5 mm), initially non-bleeding sites displayed a mean loss of probing attachment of 0.3 mm. Thick (greater than or equal to 2.0 mm), non-bleeding sites displayed a less noticeable mean loss of probing attachment, whereas bleeding sites of both categories of gingival thickness showed a tendency towards gains in probing attachment levels. It may be concluded that the mean loss in probing attachment levels, commonly seen for shallow sites post-therapy, may be primarily due to the changes in shallow, thin healthy areas.
197 citations
TL;DR: Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is a rare disease and highly unusual is its occurrence in three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), described herein.
Abstract: Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis is a rare disease. Highly unusual is its occurrence in three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), described herein. This association may be the result of immunologic aberrations that are described in AIDS and may represent an abnormal reaction to skin saprophytes and dermatophytes.
159 citations
TL;DR: It was found that ALP activity and 3[H]-hyp incorporation were coordinately increased from pH 5.5 to pH 7.2 and high and low pH, and when the exposure to effectors was limited to a preincubation, or when the low [Ca] data were excluded, a correlation was observed.
Abstract: These studies were intended to examine the relationship between skeletal collagen formation and skeletal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in vitro. Embryonic chick calvaria were exposed to skeletal effectors (including high and low pH, a range of [p i ] and [Ca], PTH, NaF, etc), and collagen formation was assessed by the incorporation of 3 [H]-proline as 3 [H]-hydroxyproline ( 3 [H]-hyp). ALP activity was measured in the serum-free conditioned medium and in 20% butanol extracts of the bones. We found that ALP activity and 3 [H]-hyp incorporation were coordinately increased from pH 5.5 to pH 7.2 ( r = .99, P i ], but low [Ca] increased ALP and coordinately decreased collagen formation ( r = −.81, P 3 [H]-hyp incorporation were coordinately increased by NaF, vanadate, PGE 2 , calcitonin, and insulin, the slopes of the correlations were not the same for all effectors (eg, NaF: r = .97, P r = .95, P 3 [H]-hyp incorporation. When a variety of effectors, including low [Ca], were used to treat different groups of calvaria, ALP activity was not correlated with 3 [H]-hyp incorporation ( r = .35), but when the exposure to effectors was limited to a preincubation, or when the low [Ca] data were excluded, a correlation was observed ( r = .87, P r = .64, P r = .60, P r = .89, P 3 [H]-hyp incorporation and (2) even under conditions in which that correlation is disrupted (ie, in the presence of specific skeletal effectors), skeletal ALP is still useful as a predictive index of the capacity for in vitro calvarial collagen synthesis (ie, the predicted rate of 3 [H]-hyp incorporation if the effectors were removed).
138 citations
TL;DR: Two studies in different samples, using different analytic strategies to examine susceptibility to different adverse outcomes are presented, consistent with the susceptibility hypothesis and have potentially important implications for public health and clinical approaches to prevention.
Abstract: Typically, the rate of abusive drinking during pregnancy considerably exceeds the rates of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and alcohol-related birth defects, suggesting that other factors may modify the impact of alcohol on the developing organism. Data in the literature supporting this susceptibility hypothesis are sparse. In this paper, two studies in different samples, using different analytic strategies to examine susceptibility to different adverse outcomes are presented. Among 176 pregnancies in which lowered birth weight for gestational age was detected as an effect attributable to frequent beer drinking, 27 infants weighted less than 2,700 grams and 149 weighed more. Using discriminant analysis to contrast these groups, lowered birth weight for gestational age was associated with black race and lower maternal weight and weight gain. The effects of these factors were additive with that of persistent alcohol exposure; no interactions were detected, but pregnancies with risks in addition to alcohol were more likely to yield growth-retarded infants. In a second study, pregnancies resulting in 25 FAS cases were contrasted with 50 controls. A four-factor model accounted for nearly two-thirds of the explainable variance in the occurrence of FAS. Adjusted for frequency of maternal drinking, chronic alcohol problems and parity, there was a sevenfold increase in risk for FAS among black infants. The findings from both studies are consistent with the susceptibility hypothesis and have potentially important implications for public health and clinical approaches to prevention, as well as for future research.
120 citations
TL;DR: Although this experience was with a subhuman primate (baboon) donor, source of donor graft makes little difference with regards to the unique technical aspects of cardiac transplantation in a ductus-dependent newborn infant with a diminutive aortic arch.
110 citations
TL;DR: One of the mechanisms by which EA inhibits mutagenesis and carcinogenesis is by forming adducts with DNA, thus masking binding sites to be occupied by the mutagen or carcinogen.
91 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of intraperitoneal versus intralesional administration of immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin, Corynebacterium parvum, keyhole limpet hemocyanin and an extract of Allium sativum indicated that CP or AS may serve as effective biological response modifiers in controlling transitional cell carcinoma.
81 citations
TL;DR: PEMF is found to be a reliable alternative method of treating nonunited scaphoid fractures and should be considered in the treatment of undisplaced, nonunited fractures without carpal instability less than 5 years after the injury.
Abstract: Thirty-five of 44 nonunited scaphoid fractures that were at least 6 months old healed in a mean time of 4.3 months during pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment using external coils and a thumb spica cast. The mean time from the onset of the fracture to treatment was 40 months. No concurrent operation was performed. Follow-up time averaged 8.4 months. Eight of nine fractures with avascular necrosis healed. Five of eight fractures in the proximal third healed. Twelve (75%) of 16 patients treated in short-arm thumb spica casts and PEMF healed versus 22 (92%) of 24 patients treated initially in long-arm thumb spica casts and PEMF. We have found PEMF to be a reliable alternative method of treating nonunited scaphoid fractures. Because of the low risk, simplicity of use, and reliability, we recommend its consideration in the treatment of undisplaced, nonunited fractures without carpal instability less than 5 years after the injury. Treatment should initially begin with a long-arm cast.
80 citations
TL;DR: The elastomeric impression materials used in this study exhibited comparable clinical accuracy when properly handled and were significantly more accurate than reversible hydrocolloid.
Abstract: The elastomeric impression materials used in this study exhibited comparable clinical accuracy when properly handled. In general, they were significantly more accurate than reversible hydrocolloid. In fact, because of their excellent dimensional stability, impressions made with addition curing silicone-base or polyether rubber impression materials remained accurate even after 1 week. Elastomeric impression materials have established themselves with reversible hydrocolloids as elastic impression materials that are capable of producing clinically accurate dies with an excellent replication of surface detail.
TL;DR: The results support the hydrophobic nature of adsorption and suggest that the components of fiber in diet should be considered separately when evaluating in vivo metabolic effects.
Abstract: The in vitro binding of estrone, estradiol-17 beta, estriol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estrone-3-glucuronide by wheat, oat, and corn brans, oat hulls, cellulose, lignin, and cholestyramine resin was measured. The extent of steroid sequestration was characteristic and reproducible for each hormone. Cholestyramine bound an average of 90% of all the steroids tested, whereas cellulose bound the least (12%). Of the other substances tested, each bound the following percentage of unconjugated hormones: lignin, 87%; wheat and oat brans, 45% each; corn bran 44%; and oat hulls, 32%. The conjugated steroid was less likely to bind than the unconjugated steroids. Lignin appeared to be an important component in the interaction with steroid hormones. The results support the hydrophobic nature of adsorption and suggest that the components of fiber in diet should be considered separately when evaluating in vivo metabolic effects.
01 Mar 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the in vitro binding of estrone, estradiol-17..beta.., estriol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estrone-3-glucuronide by wheat, oat and corn brans, Oat hulls, cellulose, lignin, and cholestyramine resin was measured.
Abstract: The in vitro binding of estrone, estradiol-17..beta.., estriol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estrone-3-glucuronide by wheat, oat and corn brans, oat hulls, cellulose, lignin, and cholestyramine resin was measured. Steroid binding was carried out by mixing 50 mg of binding substance with varying substrate quantities (0.037 ..mu..Ci; 0.50-2.51 pmol/incubation) of /sup 3/H-estrone, /sup 3/H-estradiol-17..beta.., /sup 3/H-estriol, /sup 3/H-estrone-3-glucuronide, /sup 4/H-testosterone, and /sup 370/C for 1 hr with shaking. Following centrifugation of the reaction mixture, a 1 ml aliquot was analyzed for radioactivity. The extent of steroid sequestration was characteristic and reproducible for each hormone. Cholestyramine bound an average of 90% of all the steroids tested, whereas cellulose bound the least (12%). Of the other substances tested, lignin bound 87%; wheat and oat grans, 45% each; corn bran, 44%; and oat hulls, 32% of the unconjugated hormones. The conjugated steroid was less likely to bind than the unconjugated steroids. Lignin appeared to be an important component in the interaction with steroid hormones. The results support the hydrophobic of nature of adsorption and suggest that the components of the fiber in diet should be considered separately when evaluating in vivo metabolic effects. Implications include the possible modification of hormone-dependent cancer risk through dietary intervention.
TL;DR: The mitogenic activity in the unfractionated mixture of proteins released from adult bovine bone matrix during demineralization with ethylenediaminetetraacetate has been examined and suggests that combinations of bone derived and systemic factors can coordinately stimulate bone cell proliferation.
TL;DR: Evidence that enzymatic activity within the cell provides sensitive molecular markers about both the sequence and the energetics of transmembrane coupling mechanisms is summarized, including the basis for amplification of weak pericellular stimuli to achieve an energetic threshold in signaling to intracellular enzyme systems.
TL;DR: An in vitro model in which embryonic chick tibiae have consistently demonstrated increased bone matrix formation in response to a low amplitude (estimated 10(-5) V/m in the serum-free culture medium), capacitively coupled, 10 Hz sinusoidal electric field is developed.
TL;DR: The amplitude of population spikes in the CA1 cell layer of rat hippocampal slices was transiently altered during stimulation of the tissue with DC and sinusoidal extracellular electric fields parallel to the dendrosomatic axis of theCA1 pyramidal neurons.
TL;DR: A detailed explanation of a surgical technique for grafting of deficient maxillary alveolar ridges and a technical modification, for use where a fibrous hypermobile soft tissue ridge exists over the deficient maxilla.
TL;DR: A low-molecular-weight potent bone cell mitogen termed human skeletal growth factor (human SGF) was purified to homogeneity from human bone matrix and constituted 0.00024% of organic bone matrix by weight.
TL;DR: The results suggest that hSGF directly stimulated mature osteoblast matrix synthetic activity and thathSGF has differential effects on proliferation of osteOBlast progenitor cells and mature osteoblasts.
Abstract: Human skeletal growth factor (hSGF), an 11-kD polypeptide purified from human bone, has been proposed to be a local regulator of bone formation. To investigate the underlying cellular mechanisms in an in vitro model system, we examined the effects of hSGF on proliferation and collagen synthesis in cells of the clonal osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1. This line was isolated from newborn mouse calvarial cells and retains many characteristics of mature osteoblasts (Sudo, H., et al., (1984) J. Cell Biol. 96:191). A 14-hr treatment with hSGF increased noncollagenous protein synthesis to 215% of unstimulated controls and increased collagen synthesis to 630% of controls as determined by [3H]proline incorporation and high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of [3H]proline and [3H]hydroxyproline in acid hydrolysates of trichloroacetic acid-insoluble protein. HSGF did not increase cell number over a 48-hr period and caused a reversible inhibition of DNA synthesis. Half-maximal hSGF concentration for stimulation of [3H]proline incorporation and inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation was 100 ng/ml. HSGF also inhibited DNA synthesis in cells stimulated by serum. In contrast, hSGF stimulated both collagen synthesis and DNA synthesis in primary cultures of chick embryo bone cells, which may be developmentally less mature than MC3T3-E1 cells. The results suggest that hSGF directly stimulated mature osteoblast matrix synthetic activity and that hSGF has differential effects on proliferation of osteoblast progenitor cells and mature osteoblasts.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that human bone cells produce SGF, a mitogen which had been previously isolated from human bone matrix, and conditioned medium from human skin cell cultures also contained mitogenic activity.
TL;DR: This study failed to demonstrate that "unattached" and mobile facial gingival surfaces are more susceptible to periodontal breakdown than "attached", as established by both of 2 independent examiners.
Abstract: Facial gingival surfaces over cuspids and bicuspids in 20 patients were monitored for 5 years to evaluate the importance of attached gingiva in the maintenance of a stable periodontium. 43 surfaces "at risk" were compared to 36 "non-risk" surfaces within these patients. Surfaces "at risk" had to meet the following 3 criteria as established by both of 2 independent examiners: width of keratinized gingiva less than or equal to 1.0 mm; absence of attached gingiva; mobility of the gingival margin. During the 5 years of observation, "non-risk" surfaces showed a trend toward decrease in mean width of keratinized gingiva, while this measurement remained unchanged for the surfaces "at risk" Probing depths remained unaltered for both groups. A trend toward gingival recession and loss of probing attachment was observed for both "risk" and "non-risk" surfaces. Thus, this study failed to demonstrate that "unattached" and mobile facial gingival surfaces are more susceptible to periodontal breakdown than "attached" surfaces.
TL;DR: Fourteen-day-old chicks treated with NaF for 2 weeks showed increases in bone-forming surface in the tibial metaphysis, with no change in the number of osteoblasts per length of forming surface with biphasic NaF dose dependence.
TL;DR: There is no question that Baron Larrey was the first modern military surgeon, but perhaps his dedicated humanism in the care of the wounded soldier was his best characteristic and the one that should be followed most carefully today.
TL;DR: It is concluded that many of the cardiovascular and hematologic changes with estrogen administration are similar to the changes observed during pregnancy, with the proposed requirement of decrease in mean arterial blood pressure as a condition for blood volume expansion.
TL;DR: The data confirm the hypothesis that the area best suited to physiological exchange is the central region parabasal plate, and emphasize the need for careful selection of the area to be sampled, rather than strictly randomized sampling of the whole placenta.
TL;DR: Radiographs of the hips of 69 patients with cerebral palsy were evaluated for the angle of Wiberg, acetabular angle, degree of subluxation, shape of the femoral head, and, when the appropriate studies had been performed, anteversion and neck-shaft angles.
Abstract: Radiographs of the hips of 69 patients with cerebral palsy were evaluated for the angle of Wiberg, acetabular angle, degree of subluxation, shape of the femoral head, and, when the appropriate studies had been performed, anteversion and neck-shaft angles. Abnormalities included various degrees of superior lateral subluxation or dislocation, dysplasia of the acetabulum associated with femoral head displacement, flattening of the medial and/or lateral portions of the femoral head, an increase in the anteversion angle, functional increase in the neck-shaft angle, and, in long-standing cases, secondary degenerative joint disease and pseudoarticulation. Neuromuscular imbalances and abnormal ambulation caused by cerebral palsy change the biomechanical forces on the hip and result in characteristic osseous changes. Recognition and proper treatment of these changes can significantly alter the clinical course of the disease.
TL;DR: Proptosis and ptosis, caused by a large orbital mass that was excised and determined to be malignant melanoma, developed in a 4-year-old girl with congenital neurocutaneous melanosis and died shortly thereafter.
TL;DR: Rat hippocampal slices in 0, 0.25, 1.5 or 3 mM penicillin were exposed briefly to extracellular sinusoidal electric fields, which induced long-term changes in population spike amplitudes in the CA1 cell layer.