Showing papers by "Mahidol University published in 1982"
TL;DR: The review discusses the similarities and differences between the common isoenzymatic forms of ALP, and methods for separating, measuring, and purifying the isoenZymes on the basis of these differing properties are described.
Abstract: The review discusses the similarities and differences between the common isoenzymatic forms of ALP. Methods for separating, measuring, and purifying the isoenzymes on the basis of these differing properties are described. The evidence is reviewed for the existence of different genes coding for different isoenzymes, and the current state of knowledge is surveyed concerning the location, development, function, and regulation of the isoenzymes. Finally, some unusual forms of ALP which may appear in the circulation are described.
78 citations
TL;DR: Gametocyte formation was observed in six isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in continuous culture under optimal conditions and treatment with cAMP did not consistently trigger the formation of gametocytes.
Abstract: . Gametocyte formation was observed in six isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in continuous culture. Optimal conditions include constant temperature and addition of caffeine at 2.0 mM. Depletion of glucose in the medium and treatment with cAMP did not consistently trigger the formation of gametocytes.
62 citations
TL;DR: The effect of local foods containing these antithiamin factors on the thiamin status of the rural Thais was studied, and food habits of the people in these provinces were examined.
Abstract: In countries where polished rice is the main dietary constituent, beriberi is still one of the major causes of vitamin deficiency among In western countries, this disease is only found associated with a lcoh~l i sm.~ In Thailand, thiamin deficiency has been reported to be high in the northern and northeastern parts. In the northern provinces, thiamin deficiency was found to be 21.6% as determined by having thiamin pyrophosphate effect (TPPE) on the erythrocyte transketolase activity (ETKA) greater than 20%.4 Similar result was found among the northeastern Thais where 25% of them had TPPE in the deficient level.' Nutrition surveys were conducted in these areas and their thiamin intake was found to be 0.50 mg and 0.44 mg per 1,000 calories in the north and northeastern provinces, respectively. This amount meets with the recommended daily dietary allowances of 0.4 mg/ 1,000 calories for the Thai people.6 Previous reports by Somogyi et ~ 1 . , ' ' ~ Hilker et af.." and Fujita12 on the antithiamin activities of various polyphenolic compounds in plants and thiaminase in raw fish led us to study the effect of local foods containing these antithiamin factors on the thiamin status of the rural Thais. Food habits of the people in these provinces were then examined. In northern Thailand, fermented tea leaves are chewed continuously as a stimulant. Tea drinking is found to be common among the Thais. The daily food consumption of people living in the northeastern area is composed of large amounts of glutinous rice, raw fermented fish, and vegetables. Betel nut chewing is found to be common in the northeastern as well as other parts of the country. These food materials were collected and assayed for their antithiamin activity (ATA). Tea and fermented tea-leaf extracts were found to contain ATA.' One gram of dry tea leaves brewed in 100 ml boiling water for 5 min destroyed 0.21 mg thiamin per h. Fermented tea leaves destroyed 0.93 mg thiamin per g wet weight per h, and the daily intake was 12 g. Extract from betel nut chew" destroyed 0.83 mg thiamin per g wet weight per h and the average intake was 21 g per day. Thiaminase activity of the raw fermented fish was estimated to contain 4.5 units per gram. The amount consumed daily was found to be about 50 g of the fish, which is equivalent to 225 units of the enzyme. *Supported in part by the International Foundation of Sciences (Sweden) and the Fund for Overseas Research Grants and Education (New York).
52 citations
TL;DR: The determination of DNA-binding specificities for a series of bis(methylthio)vinylquinolinium iodides and two bis (aminoalkyl)-anthraquinones was accomplished by spectral analysis, equilibrium dialysis, elevation of melting temperature, and inhibition of DNA function as a template for Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase transcription activity in vitro.
49 citations
TL;DR: Though torticollis is most frequently a benign condition, its persistence or its association with other objective findings should lead to a search for an etiologic basis.
Abstract: This report presents five patients with cervical-area infection and four with spinal cord tumors who presented with torticollis early in the course of their illnesses. Three children were found to have osteomyelitis of the cervical spine; two, retropharyngeal abscess; two, intramedullary astrocytoma; one, extradural neuroblastoma; and one, extradural sarcoma. Though torticollis is most frequently a benign condition, its persistence or its association with other objective findings should lead to a search for an etiologic basis.
42 citations
TL;DR: A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing six combined oral contraceptives with 50 micrograms or less of ethinyl estradiol demonstrated equivalent efficiency with one-year pregnancy rates of one to six percent but discontinuation rates for medical reasons differed significantly between the treatment groups.
40 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that the antifertility activity of piperine did not operate through any hormonal actions or uterotonic activity and neither uterotropic, antiestrogenic nor antiprogestational property was observed.
33 citations
TL;DR: Only Ceylon cinnamon (the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees of the family Lauraceae) showed mutagenic activity, and the crude form of this spice and its water-heated and water-macerated residues all produced the rec effect, while water- heated andWater-Macerated filtrates did not, even in concentrations equivalent to as much as 50 mg solids/test disc.
30 citations
TL;DR: The human sperm chromatin was gently decondensed by treating the sperm head sequentially with micrococcal nuclease and 2 M NaCl, leaving mainly nucleoprotamines in the pellet fraction.
Abstract: The human sperm chromatin was gently decondensed by treating the sperm heads sequentially with micrococcal nuclease and 2 M NaCl. All histones, about 10% of DNA, and a small amount of degraded protamines were released into the soluble fraction, leaving mainly nucleoprotamines in the pellet fraction. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that the nucleoprotamine pellet consisted of chromatin cords of two dimensions, viz., 330- to 420-A and 650- to 1200-A thick cords laced together by very fine strands of 60- to 80-A fibers; both types of cords appeared knobby and had zig-zag patterns throughout their length. It appeared that these cords were derived from two types of sperm heads of approximately equal population; one type contained chiefly the thick cords and the other chiefly the thin cords. Further treatment of the pelletnuclease-NaCl with urea and mercaptoethanol resulted in the dissociation of the thick into the thin cords and unravelling of the thin cords into smaller sized fibers; whereas the treatment of the pelletnuclease-NaCl with DNAase I resulted in the disappearance of the 60- to 80-A fibers, and the remaining cords were chiefly of thick type together with the sperm head exoskeletons. From these results the packing order of the chromatin in human sperm was proposed.
27 citations
TL;DR: The toxic and mutagenic effects of gamma-irradiated peanut meal contaminated with aflatoxin B1 were studied in Salmonella typhimu-rium strain TM 677 using forward mutation to 8-azaguanine resistance, and after treatment with 5 to 10 M-rad gamma radiation, the contaminated peanut meal lost its toxic and Mutagenic properties.
Abstract: The toxic and mutagenic effects of gamma-irradiated peanut meal contaminated with aflatoxin B1 were studied in Salmonella typhimu-rium strain TM 677, using forward mutation to 8-azaguanine resistance. After treatment with 5 to 10 M-rad gamma radiation, the contaminated peanut meal lost its toxic and mutagenic properties. Irradiation at 0.1 to 1.0 M-rad removed 75–100% of the toxicity but not mutagenicity.
23 citations
TL;DR: The findings suggested that spermatozoa were kept in quiescence in the cauda epididymis not by the pH, osmolality, viscosity, myo-inositol, carnitine, Ca2+ or K+ of the caudal epidodymal fluid.
Abstract: Non-motile spermatozoa freshly extruded from the rat caudal epididymis can be initiated to full motility immediately after diluting with 09% NaCl The motility initiation was dependent on the pH, viscosity and osmolality of diluent Diluent with pH 4 to 8 could optimally initiate the motility Osmolality of most diluents suitable for the initiation was between 130 to 600 mOsm/kg The motility initiation was inhibited by Hg2+ greater than Cu2+ greater than Cd2+, chlorpromazine, Triton X-100 and SDS The following compounds showed essentially no inhibitory effect: EGTA, chlortetracycline, calcein, ruthenium red, phloridzin, myo-inositol and carnitine The findings suggested that spermatozoa were kept in quiescence in the cauda epididymis not by the pH, osmolality, viscosity, myo-inositol, carnitine, Ca2+ or K+ of the caudal epididymal fluid It was also suggested that motility initiation did not involve Ca2+, calmodulin and transport of Ca2+ or glucose across sperm membrane
TL;DR: Results of the labelling task indicated an impairment in VOT perception at all three places of articulation across clinical types of aphasia and it is suggested that the aphasics' impairment reflects a deficit in phonological processing at the linguistic level.
TL;DR: The absolute stereostructure of (−)1,6 desoxypipoxide (DESO) was determined by spectral interpretation and chemical correlation with (+)pipoxide.
TL;DR: Using spectroscopic and chemical methods, the title compound has been shown to posses stereostructure 1 or its mirror image as mentioned in this paper, which is known as the mirror image.
TL;DR: Demembranated model of rat epididymal spermatozoa was employed to establish the conditions for the initiation of flagellar movement and implied that the intracellular pH rise, not the cAMP increase, was the probable trigger for the initiated sperm motility after ejaculation.
TL;DR: Human sperm chromatin was decondensed by treating the purified sperm heads with Sarkosyl for 60 minutes followed with dithiothreitol (DTT) for 20 minutes and overnight and overnight.
Abstract: Human sperm chromatin was decondensed by treating the purified sperm heads with Sarkosyl for 60 minutes followed with dithiothreitol (DTT) for 20 minutes and overnight. Following Sarkosyl treatment all histones and nonhistones were removed; the remaining nucleoprotamines in the sperm heads exhibited two levels of higher-order structure in the forms of 900-1200 A thick and 380-520 A thin knobby cords, which were randomly coiled. Subsequent treatment with DTT resulted in the dissociation of the 380-520 A cords into subunits of 180-210 A fibers, which were further decondensed into beads-on-a-string structure with diameter of the beads about 120-150 A.
TL;DR: A 55-year-old nonfamilial left-handed monolingual Thai patient with clinical and pathoanatomic evidence of major infarction in the left temporoparietal region with a diagnosis of conduction aphasia is presented.
TL;DR: Transmission electron microscopic study showed that there were two populations of the nuclease-NaCl-treated human sperm head pellets, and one population had thick nucleoprotamine cords of ˜650–1,200 A in diameter, and the other had thin nucleop rotatedamine cords.
Abstract: Preparation of human sperm heads containing mainly nucleoprotamines as their chromatin constituent was described. Acrosome-depleted human sperm heads were treated with micrococcal nuclease followed with 2 M NaCl. The treatment specifically removed nucleohistone as small chromatin fragments from the human sperm heads. The nuclease-NaCl-treated sperm head pellets primarily contained nuclease-resistant nucleoprotamine as their chromatin. Transmission electron microscopic study showed that there were two populations of the nuclease-NaCl-treated human sperm head pellets. One population had thick nucleoprotamine cords of ˜650–1,200 A in diameter, and the other had thin nucleoprotamine cords of ˜330–420 A.
TL;DR: It is concluded that improvements regarding the antibody binding capacity and the recovery of neutralizing capacity should be made before large scale purification of antibody for therapeutic purposes can be attempted.
TL;DR: C. pyogenes was isolated from leg ulcers found in 495 school children during an epidemic in Thailand in 1979 and 1980, where it rarely infects humans, where respiratory infections far outweigh skin infections.
Abstract: Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated from leg ulcers found in 495 school children during an epidemic in Thailand in 1979 and 1980. Although C. pyogenes is frequently isolated from cattle, sheep, pigs, and goats, and less frequently from rabbits and guinea pigs, it rarely infects humans, where respiratory infections far outweigh skin infections. Cutaneous infections usually begin with a superficial abscess, then a frostbite-like lesion, followed by ulceration and even gangrene.
TL;DR: The capacity of mouse erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei to accumulate chloroquine is developed with maturation of the parasites, shown by direct comparison of the early and mature stages, which are separated by density difference.
TL;DR: The results indicate that survival of cercariae varied with concentrations of molluscicide and times of exposures, and sublethal concentration of both molluskicides reduced cercarial infectivity considerably.
Abstract: Mortality and infectivity or Schistosoma mansoni cercariae were tested against various concentrations of controlled release copper sulphate (EC-8) and tributyltin fluoride (CBL-9B). The results indicate that survival of cercariae varied with concentrations of molluscicide and times of exposures. Statistical analysis reveals that LC50 and LC90 for EC-8 were 1.18 mg/l/hour and 1.82 mg/l/hour while LC50 and LC90 for CBL-9B were 16.8 microgram/l/hour and 21.7 microgram/l/hour respectively. Sublethal concentration of both molluscicides reduced cercarial infectivity considerably. The doses of 0.25 to 0.5 microgram/l/hour for EC-8 and 2.0 to 6.0 microgram/l/hour for CBL-9B were found to be sufficient to inhabit cercarial penetration of the host skin.
TL;DR: A 52-year-old right-handed Thai patient with clinical and pathoanatomic evidence of major infarction in the left frontal lobe is presented and it is suggested that this patient's case profile matches one of Goldstein's two types of transcortical motor aphasia.
Abstract: This paper presents a case study of a 52-year-old right-handed Thai patient with clinical and pathoanatomic evidence of major infarction in the left frontal lobe. He was studied at 4½ years poststroke with a Thai adaptation of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Exam and supplementary tests. His language characteristics included nonfluent spontaneous speech, good repetition and near-normal auditory language comprehension, similar to the syndrome called "transcortical motor aphasia." The underlying mechanism of this particular language disturbance is reviewed. It is suggested that this patient's case profile matches one of Goldstein's (1948) two types of transcortical motor aphasia.
TL;DR: The tegument of the female differs from that of the male by having numerous short spines over the whole surface; however, the pleomorphic papillae are much fewer in number and the ridges are much less developed than those of the Male Schistosoma mekongi.
Abstract: The surface topography of the tegument of adult Schistosoma mekongi was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In comparison to other species of human schistosomes the male tegument lacks tubercles and, except in the gynecophoral canal, also lacks spines; instead the surface is composed chiefly of trabeculae of highly perforated ridges which give it the ‘spongy’ appearance. In addition, there are 3 kinds of papillae interspersed on the surface among the ridges. The first is a doughnut-shaped papilla with a central crater which is most abundant on the ventral surface of the anterior part, on the floor of the gynecophoral canal and on the dorsal-lateral aspect of the tail. The second is a pleomorphic papilla with irregular shape and size, which is scattered throughout the dorso-lateral aspect of the middle part of the body. The third type of papilla has a uniform hemispherical shape, possesses a cilium projecting from its apex and probably corresponds to the ‘sensory papilla’ found in other species. The tegument of the female differs from that of the male by having numerous short spines over the whole surface; however, the pleomorphic papillae are much fewer in number and the ridges are much less developed than those of the male tegument; complex trabeculae are absent.
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: Volatile oil exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of the 3 species of bacteria tested, which showed that S. aureus was the most sensitive microorganism to all extracts, while E. coli and Ps.
Abstract: Piper betle (L) leaves were extracted employing the Soxhlet method The crude extract samples obtained were: volatile oil, petroleum ether extract, ether extract, absolute alcohol and distilled water extracts Each of these crude extract samples was tested for their inhibitory effects on the growth of 3 species of bacteria isolated from the outpatients who attended Outpatient Department at Siriraj Hospital Medical School from April 1982 to August 1982 The 3 species tested were Staphylococcus aureus (122 strains), Escherichia coli (31 strains) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (57 strains) The results showed that S aureus was the most sensitive microorganism to all extracts, while E coli and Ps aeruginosa showed similar reponse but somewhat less sensitive Among various extracts obtained from Piper betle leaves, volatile oil exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on the growth of the 3 species of bacteria tested; ie, its MIC 90 against S aureus was 17 μg/ml Ether and petroleum ether extracts showed less potent activity having MIC 90 against S aureus of 0151 and 02 mg/ml, respectively The antibacterial activity was found to be lowest in the water extract fraction
TL;DR: The results suggested strongly that the larvicidal factor(s) of B. thuringiensis were contained in its crystalline body.
TL;DR: Twelve patients with acute typhoid fever were successfully treated with a fixed dose combination of pivmecillinam and pivampicillin, suggesting that the combination mecillinam/ampiillin may represent a valuable alternative to the antityphoidal drugs currently available.
Abstract: Typhoid fever is an infectious disease with multisystem involvement and is commonly seen in the tropics. Twelve patients with acute typhoid fever were successfully treated with a fixed dose combination of pivmecillinam and pivampicillin. The treatment results were compared to those obtained from the treatment of ten other patients with co-trimoxazole, which is the routine treatment of our Department. The two forms of treatment appeared to be equally effective, suggesting that the combination mecillinam/ampicillin may represent a valuable alternative to the antityphoidal drugs currently available. Eleven patients were infected with strains resistant in vitro to either ampicillin, chloramphenicol, or both. All clinical isolates were sensitive to co-trimoxazole and to the combination of mecillinam and ampicillin. MIC values for the combination ranged from 0.16 to 2.5 mg/l. No side-effects were recorded.
TL;DR: Erythrocytes from Plasmodium berghei-infected blood show a decrease in deformability with increasing parasitaemia, as measured by filterability through polycarbonate sieves, and the relation of filterability to metabolic status in infected cells is discussed.
Abstract: Erythrocytes fromPlasmodium berghei-infected blood show a decrease in deformability with increasing parasitaemia, as measured by filterability through polycarbonate sieves. A major fraction of cells carrying mature parasites and a smaller fraction carrying ring-stage parasites account for the obstruction of filtration, while the remaining infected cells do not contribute to the decrease in filterability. The relation of filterability to metabolic status in infected cells is discussed.
TL;DR: The 4th-instar larvae and the adult of this F1 hybrid showed characteristics intermediate between those of minimus and aconitus and gave a higher hatchability.
Abstract: Anopheles (Cellia) minimus and Anopheles (Cellia) aconitus were successfully hybridized in the laboratory. Both are vectors of malaria in Thailand and were obtained from the same area in Kao Mai Kaew, Chon Buri Province, central Thailand. In the cross between An. aconitus females and An. minimus males, the same number of eggs was obtained as in the parent species but with low hatchability and viability. Only one 4th-instar larva, which resembled An. aconitus , was obtained. The cross between An. minimus females and An. aconitus males produced similar results but gave a higher hatchability. The 4th-instar larvae and the adult of this F1 hybrid showed characteristics intermediate between those of minimus and aconitus .