Mexican Institute of Petroleum

About: Mexican Institute of Petroleum is a government organization based out in Mexico City, Mexico. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Asphaltene. The organization has 3273 authors who have published 4170 publications receiving 87269 citations.

Some experimental observations of mass transfer limitations in a trickle-bed hydrotreating pilot reactor

Abstract: A systematic experimental work for evaluating isothermality of a pilot reactor, flow regime, axial dispersion, and mass transfer gradients between the catalyst surface and the bulk fluid in a trickle-bed hydrotreating reactor is presented. Experiments were carried out at the following operating conditions: 5.3 MPa total pressure, 356.2 mL mL-1 hydrogen-to-oil ratio, 613−653 K reaction temperature, and 1.0−2.5 h-1 liquid hourly space velocity. Commercial NiMo catalyst and feedstock were used for hydrotreating reactions. The catalyst (2.3 mm diameter) bed was diluted with silicon carbide (1.4 mm diameter) with an inert-to-catalyst volume ratio of 1. Various criteria reported in the literature were employed for evaluating axial dispersion in liquid and gas phases. Two typical tests were employed to determine mass transfer gradients: (1) changing the amount of catalyst loaded to the reactor and the feedstock flow rate at constant LHSV and (2) conducting experiments using different amounts of catalyst at var...

High selectivity to isopropyl ether over sulfated titania in the isopropanol decomposition

Abstract: Sulfated titania was prepared by in situ gelling titanium alkoxide with sulfuric acid and by impregnation with ammonium sulfate of titania gels, hi annealing gels at 600 ◦ C, the BET specific surface areas were of 46 and 177 m 2 /g for sulfuric and ammonia sulfate preparations, respectively. XRD patterns showed for “in situ” preparation anatase (92%) and rutile phases (8%), while for ammonium sulfate sample only anatase phase was observed. FTIR-pyridine adsorption identified Br ¨ onsted (B) and Lewis (L) sites for titania impregnated with ammonium sulfate, however, only Lewis (L) sites were identified in titania prepared with sulfuric acid. In the isopropanol conversion, similar activities were obtained. However, in sulfuric preparation the selectivity was 22 and 78 mol% to propene and isopropyl ether, respectively, while in ammonium sulfated catalyst the selectivity was 70 mol% to propene and 30 mol% to isopropyl ether. The results are discussed with regards to the acidity requirements explaining the role of acid sites in the selectivity. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Modeling of Slurry-Phase Reactors for Hydrocracking of Heavy Oils

Abstract: The modeling of slurry-phase reactors for petroleum hydrocracking has been reviewed and analyzed. A general description of the flow regime was proposed, and it is anticipated that due to the operating conditions usually implemented in hydrocracking of heavy oils, the homogeneous bubble flow is usually considered. It was also found in the literature that most of the models are only able to describe the liquid-phase behavior, omitting the dynamic behavior of the gas phase, the dispersion, and deactivation of catalysts, as well as coke formation. Computational fluid dynamics formulations are preferred despite the computational effort involved in the calculations. Also in the majority of those models, simple pseudocomponent kinetic rate expressions have been applied, without enough experimental information referring to kinetic parameters. Finally a generalized reactor model, which considers all mass and heat transfer phenomena, is proposed based on the literature, and details are provided to estimate all of t...

Joint modeling of acoustic velocities and electrical conductivity from unified microstructure of rocks

Abstract: [1] A technique for the joint modeling of the electrical conductivity and acoustic velocities in porous rocks is proposed. The technique is based on the model of two-component media, composed by grains, which constitute a solid frame and pores saturated by a fluid. For this model we used symmetrical effective medium approximation method that provides the simulation of the acoustic and electrical parameters for multicomponent systems with equally treated constituents. The individual element of each component as a pore or grain was approximated by an ellipsoid. The aspect ratios for grain and pore ellipsoids are introduced as a function of porosity. By applying this technique we performed the calculation of acoustic velocities and electrical conductivity for carbonate formations with a primary pore system. For such formations the experimentally determined acoustic and electrical parameters are described by the empirical regression equations for the P and S wave velocities versus porosity and Archie's law. The ellipsoid aspect ratios were obtained by minimizing the differences of both predicted P wave velocity and conductivity with experimental data. The results obtained demonstrate that electrical conductivity is more sensitive to the pore and grain geometry than acoustic velocities. To ensure the conductivity for the low porosities, the form of pores tends to a needle shape. The simulation technique developed is the base for the petrophysical inversion of well log data to reconstruct the microstructure of porous rocks.