Mexican Institute of Petroleum

About: Mexican Institute of Petroleum is a government organization based out in Mexico City, Mexico. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Asphaltene. The organization has 3273 authors who have published 4170 publications receiving 87269 citations.

Transient Pressure Behavior for a Well With a Finite-Conductivity Vertical Fracture

Abstract: Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo developed a mathematical model to simulate the transient behavior of a well with a finite conductivity vertical fracture (hydraulically created) in an infinite slab reservoir. For the values of time of interest, t/sub D/ greater than 10/sup -2/, P/sub wfD/ can be correlated by a dimensionless parameter C/sub r/ = wk/sub f//..pi.. L/sub f/k, where w, k/sub f/, and L/sub f/ are the width, permeability, and half fracture length of the fracture. When plotted as a function of p/sub wfD/ vs. log t/sub D/, the results give, for large t/sub D/, the 1.151 slope straight line. Thus, the semilogarithmic pressure-analysis methods can be applied. When plotted in terms of log p/sub wfD/ vs. log t/sub D/, the results show a set of curves of characteristic shape for the different C/sub r/ values. Therefore, a type-curve matching procedure can be used to analyze transient-pressure data to obtain the formation and fracture characteristics.

Potential use of oxidative enzymes for the detoxification of organic pollutants

Abstract: The ability of peroxidases and laccases enzymes to treat organic pollutants is reviewed. Enzymatic methods generally have low energy requirements, are easy to control, can operate over a wide range of conditions and have a minimal environmental impact. Peroxidases and laccases have broad substrate specificities and can catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of toxic organic compounds. The results show that an enzymatic oxidation can diminish the toxicity of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols, organophosphorus pesticides and azo dyes in laboratory and some field conditions. Due to the hydrophobicity and low aqueous solubility of these substrates, reactions are usually performed in the presence of organic solvents. However, it was detected that organic solvents can provoke enzyme denaturation, unfavorable substrate partition, inhibition or stabilization of enzyme–substrate complexes, depending on the enzyme, substrate and organic solvent used. Strategies to overcome these problems are proposed. Additionally, the low stability of heme-containing peroxidases to hydrogen peroxide, the low reaction rates of laccases, the mediators toxicity, the limited availability and high costs of these enzymes are other limitations detected for commercial applications. Due to field reaction conditions are more complex than laboratory conditions efforts have to be made to achieve the cheap overproduction of these biocatalysts in heterologous hosts and also their modification by chemical means or protein engineering to obtain more robust and active enzymes.