Showing papers by "Nalco Holding Company published in 2004"
01 Jan 2004
148 citations
TL;DR: A methodology to obtain the most economical operational condition of membrane bioreactor (MBR) is developed and economically optimum HRT and target MLSS were turned out to be 16h and 11,000mg/L, respectively.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an ultrasonic cell disintegration process was incorporated for the prevention of excess sludge production from a membrane bioreactor (MBR), and the results of this study showed that excess waste production could be prevented using an ultrasound hybrid MBR-US system at an organic loading of around 0.91 kg BOD5/m3 per day.
113 citations
Patent•
10 Sep 2004TL;DR: In this paper, a method of modifying the permeability to water of a subterranean formation comprising injecting into the underground formation an aqueous composition comprising from about 0.005 percent to about 2 percent, by weight, of an alkyl or alkylene oxide branched polyhydroxyetheramine or a salt thereof was proposed.
Abstract: A method of modifying the permeability to water of a subterranean formation comprising injecting into the subterranean formation an aqueous composition comprising from about 0.005 percent to about 2 percent, by weight, of an alkyl or an alkylene oxide branched polyhydroxyetheramine or a salt thereof, wherein the fatty alkyl or alkylene oxide branched polyhydroxyetheramine is prepared by reacting a diepoxide with a) one or more fatty alkyl or alkylene oxide functionalized amines or a mixture of one or more alkylene oxide functionalized amines and b) one or more amines having two reactive hydrogen atoms and c) optionally reacting the resulting polyhydroxyetheramine with an acid or alkylating agent to form the salt.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method to obtain optimum design parameters of vertically mounted submerged hollow fiber module was demonstrated to minimize the energy consumption for aeration, assuming maximum allowable pressure difference in both ends of hollow fiber membrane was 5%, maximum allowable fiber length was calculated for various fluxes and fiber diameters.
68 citations
TL;DR: The nucleation and growth behavior of copper precipitates in ferrite was investigated both theoretically and experimentally for two low-carbon steels with and without niobium additions in samples cooled directly to the desired aging temperature from the austenitizing temperature as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The nucleation and growth behavior of copper precipitates in ferrite was investigated both theoretically and experimentally for two low-carbon steels with and without niobium additions in samples cooled directly to the desired aging temperature from the austenitizing temperature. Theoretical nucleation and growth rate models were constructed using calculated thermodynamic data in conjunction with classical theories. The maximum nucleation and growth rates for Cu were experimentally determined to be 8.0 × 1021 nuclei/m3 s at 612 °C and 0.12 nm/s at 682 °C, respectively. Using an experimentally determined “effective” activation energy for the diffusion of copper, the theoretical nucleation rate curve compared very well with the hardness data for the first 5 minutes of aging. The growth behavior of the Cu precipitates was investigated through use of a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) for samples directly aged at 550 °C. For aging times up to 21 hours, the average precipitate size scaled with a time dependence of t
1/2.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two hollow-fibre ultrafiltration membrane modules of the waste-water treatment facilities of a cosmetics company were analyzed to investigate the causes of membrane damage and rapid fouling of the membranes.
37 citations
Patent•
02 Apr 2004TL;DR: In this article, a series of substituted imidazoline corrosion inhibitors of the formula (I) was proposed, where R 1 is an alkyl radical having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; R 2 is a radical derived from a fatty acid; and R 3 is a saturated acid.
Abstract: This invention provides a series of novel acrylated, substituted imidazoline corrosion inhibitors of the formula (I) wherein R1 is an alkyl radical having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; R2 is a radical derived from a fatty acid; and R3 is a radical derived from an unsaturated acid and a method for inhibiting corrosion in metallic flow lines through the introduction of such inhibitors into a system wherein corrosion is sought to be precluded.
34 citations
Patent•
08 Jul 2004TL;DR: In this paper, apparatuses and systems for surface cleaning comprising a pump and an applicator connected to the pump through which one or more cleaning agents can be applied to the surface at an operating pressure of about 600 PSI or less and an operating flow rate of about 1 gal/min or less are described.
Abstract: Described and claimed are apparatuses and systems for surface cleaning comprising a pump and an applicator connected to the pump through which one or more cleaning agents can be applied to the surface at an operating pressure that is about 600 PSI or less and an operating flow rate that is about 1 gal/min or less.
28 citations
01 Jan 2004
27 citations
Patent•
27 Sep 2004TL;DR: In this paper, a method of dewatering corn stillage solids comprising adding to the solids an effective coagulating and flocculating amount of an anionic copolymer comprising acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt was proposed.
Abstract: A method of dewatering corn stillage solids comprising adding to the solids an effective coagulating and flocculating amount of an anionic copolymer comprising acrylic acid sodium salt, methacrylic acid sodium salt or 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt to form a mixture of water and coagulated and flocculated solids; and separating the water from the coagulated and flocculated solids using a dewatering device.
Patent•
10 Nov 2004TL;DR: In this article, the authors present methods and apparatus for measuring oxidation reduction potentials of water in a hot water system at system temperature and pressure and methods of using the measured oxidation-reduction potential to monitor and control the addition of oxygen scavengers or oxygen to the system in order to maintain effective corrosion inhibiting concentrations of the dissolved oxygen in the system.
Abstract: This invention concerns methods and apparatus for measuring oxidation reduction potentials of water in a hot water system at system temperature and pressure and methods of using the measured oxidation-reduction potential to monitor and control the addition of oxygen scavengers or oxygen to the system in order to maintain effective corrosion inhibiting concentrations of the oxygen scavengers or dissolved oxygen in the system.
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a cross-discipline approach that uses reservoir engineering, production chemistry, and completion engineering can lead to a more complete assessment of the scale risk and the correct selection of a control program.
Abstract: Because scale management in subsea fields is expensive compared with platform or onshore fields and because intervention opportunities are limited, it is important to perform risk analysis for scale management as early as possible. This process involves identifying potential scale risks and analyzing and comparing options available for managing those risks. A crossdiscipline approach that uses reservoir engineering, production chemistry, and completion engineering can lead to a more complete assessment of the scale risk and the correct selection of a control program.
Patent•
11 Feb 2004TL;DR: A high molecular weight, water-soluble polymer comprising pendant salicylic acid groups and having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 2,000,000 daltons was used for clarifying red mud-containing liquors generated in the Bayer process for the recovery of alumina from bauxite as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A high molecular weight, water-soluble polymer comprising pendant salicylic acid groups and having a weight average molecular weight of at least about 2,000,000 daltons and use of the polymer for clarifying red mud-containing liquors generated in the Bayer process for the recovery of alumina from bauxite
Patent•
07 Jun 2004TL;DR: In this paper, the use of an isomer of anthracene disulfonic acid as an inert fluorescent tracer is described and claimed for boiler systems to trace unwanted carryover of boiler water into a steam line.
Abstract: The use of an isomer of anthracene disulfonic acid as an inert fluorescent tracer is described and claimed. The utility of this type of inert fluorescent tracer in boiler systems to trace unwanted carryover of boiler water into a steam line is also described and claimed.
TL;DR: A simple and sensitive reversed-phase isocratic HPLC method for the determination of albendazole and its metabolites has been developed and was applied to determine the plasma levels of al bendazoles sulphoxide in endemic normals administered with albENDazole during pharmacokinetic studies.
01 Jan 2004
Patent•
08 Jul 2004TL;DR: A UV-protective water-soluble polyaminoamide comprising UV-absorbing end groups was proposed in this paper, which absorbs ultraviolet light radiation having a wavelength of about 200 nm to about 420 nm.
Abstract: A UV-protective water-soluble polyaminoamide comprising UV-absorbing end groups, wherein the polyaminoamide absorbs ultraviolet light radiation having a wavelength of about 200 nm to about 420 nm, compositions comprising the UV-protective polyaminoamide and methods of treating substrates with the UV-protective polyaminoamide.
Patent•
14 May 2004TL;DR: In this paper, a method of preventing the generation of dust or agglomeration of coal by applying to the particulate material a mixture of from about 45 to about 90 weight percent glycerin, from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of water, about 0.5 to about 3 weight amount of fatty acids and esters thereof, and from 2 to about 15 weight proportion of water soluble salts was proposed.
Abstract: A method of preventing the generation of dust or agglomeration of particulate material comprising coal by applying to the particulate material a mixture of from about 45 to about 90 weight percent of glycerin, from about 5 to about 50 weight percent of water, about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent of fatty acids and esters thereof and from 2 to about 15 weight percent of water soluble salts, which has been diluted with about 10–400 weight percent of water. The diluted compositIon is applied in an affective amount to suppress agglomeration of particulate material and its adhesion to surfaces and to substantially prevent the generation of dust. The concentrated composition has a freezing point of at least −35° C.
TL;DR: This article used experimental design and cluster analysis to investigate the importance of four process variables, while cluster analysis used an ensemble of demulsifiers and crude oil characterization to build the emulsion strength.
Abstract: Water‐in‐crude oil emulsions are encountered at many oilfield production facilities. These emulsions are often inherently stable requiring the use of chemical treatment, heat, and residence time to effect resolution. The addition of chemical demulsifiers in small levels can greatly facilitate oil–water separation. Even with numerous demulsifier applications in place throughout the world, there still remains a great deal to understand regarding how to streamline demulsifier selection, how demulsifiers counter the indigenous crude oil components and properties that impart emulsion stability and which crude oil components and process variables are most critical in describing emulsion strength. Field studies were undertaken to address these concerns using two statistical methods—experimental design and cluster analysis. Experimental design was used to investigate the importance of four process variables, while cluster analysis used an ensemble of demulsifiers and crude oil characterization to build m...
Patent•
22 Jan 2004TL;DR: In this article, the polyester compositions of the present invention can be effectively utilized, for example, to treat crude oil during production and refinery processing, and methods of producing and using same are provided.
Abstract: Polyester compositions and methods of producing and using same are provided. The polyester compositions at least include an anionic diacid monomer or diester monomer thereof and a polyether. The polyester compositions of the present invention can be effectively utilized, for example, to treat crude oil during production and refinery processing.
Patent•
10 Mar 2004TL;DR: In this article, a demulsifier composition prepared by reacting one or more alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin alkoxylates or polyalkylene glycols, or a mixture thereof, with about 0.001 to about 1.0 molar equivalents of the corresponding phosphorous compounds is presented.
Abstract: A phosphoric ester demulsifier composition prepared by reacting one or more alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin alkoxylates or one or more polyalkylene glycols, or a mixture thereof, with about 0.001 to about 1.0 molar equivalents of one or more phosphorous compounds selected from phosphorous oxychloride, phosphorous pentoxide and phosphoric acid and a method of using the demulsifier composition to resolve water-in-oil emulsions.
Patent•
24 Sep 2004TL;DR: In this paper, a composition comprising aminoalkyl imidazoline or alkyl-substituted succinimide antifoulants or mixtures thereof was proposed to prevent fouling in (meth)acrylic acid manufacturing processes.
Abstract: A composition comprising aminoalkyl imidazoline or alkyl-substituted succinimide antifoulants or mixtures thereof, and use of aminoalkyl imidazolines and alkyl-substituted succinimides to prevent fouling in (meth)acrylic acid manufacturing processes and processes in which (meth)acrylic acid is used in a reaction and where unreacted (meth)acrylic acid is recovered.
Patent•
31 Mar 2004TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of water, diethylenetriaminepentakis(methyl)phosphonic acid or its known salts, polyacrylic acid and one or more inert compounds is used to maintain the brightness of the pulp at the target level or to increase the brightness level of pulp, even when the amounts of other ingredients such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrosulfite, sodium silicate and magnesium are reduced.
Abstract: Mechanical or Chemical pulp is treated with about 0.01 weight % to about 5 weight % of a Mixture. The Mixture is water; diethylenetriaminepentakis(methyl)phosphonic acid or its known salts; polyacrylic acid or its known salts; and optionally one or more inert compounds. This Mixture acts to either maintain the brightness level of the pulp at the target level or to increase the brightness level of the pulp. In addition the Mixture allows for maintaining the pulp at the target level of brightness even when the amounts of other ingredients, such as hydrogen peroxide, hydrosulfite, sodium silicate and magnesium, that are typically added to the pulp, are reduced.
Patent•
28 Jan 2004TL;DR: In this article, a method of detecting and compensating for leakage of hydraulic fluids in a production plant is described and claimed, which requires two tracer materials, each with its own separate and uniquely detectable fluorescent signal.
Abstract: A method of detecting and compensating for leakage of hydraulic fluids in a production plant, is described and claimed. The method requires two tracer materials, each with its own separate and uniquely detectable fluorescent signal. One of the tracer materials is used for rapid detection of leakage of hydraulic fluid into the cooling water and the other tracer material is used to determine the buildup of hydraulic fluid within the cooling water system.
Patent•
24 Sep 2004TL;DR: In this article, an alkylphenol-formaldehyde-diamine polymer was used to resolve water-in-oil emulsions, especially emulsion of water in crude oil.
Abstract: An alkoxylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde-diamine polymer prepared by alkoxylating an alkylphenol-formaldehyde-diamine polymer and use of the alkoxylated alkylphenol-formaldehyde-diamine polymer to resolve water-in-oil emulsions, especially emulsions of water in crude oil.
Patent•
30 Jun 2004TL;DR: In this article, a method of clarifying a slurry in a mining pond is described and claimed, which uses chitosan, optionally formulated with an inert fluorescent tracer, to clarify the slurry.
Abstract: A method of clarifying a slurry in a mining pond is described and claimed. The slurry contains water and mined solids. The method uses chitosan, optionally formulated with an inert fluorescent tracer, to clarify the slurry in a mining pond. This clarification process causes mined solids to settle to the bottom of the pond leaving the water less turbid than before the application of chitosan.
Patent•
21 Sep 2004TL;DR: In this paper, a system of equipment allowing addition of solid materials to a pressurized pipeline wherein said solid material is conveyed in such a way as to be readily dissolved by the liquid in said pipeline is presented.
Abstract: A system of equipment allowing addition of solid materials to a pressurized pipeline wherein said solid material is conveyed in such a way as to be readily dissolved by the liquid in said pipeline. The system includes a solid material transfer device that is used to transfer solid material to the point of intake in a pressurized pipeline, without allowing liquid from the process pipeline to access the solid material in the solid material feeder. The system of equipment has been found to be particularly useful in feeding pellets containing resazurin.
Patent•
01 Jul 2004TL;DR: In this paper, an aluminum phosphate agglomerating agent with mixing to an aqueous dispersion of metal oxide nanoparticles was used to produce a homogeneous dispersion, and the pH of the dispersion with mixing was adjusted to 3.5 to about 6.5.
Abstract: Metal oxide particle agglomerates prepared by adding an aluminum phosphate agglomerating agent with mixing to an aqueous dispersion of metal oxide nanoparticles to form an aqueous homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles and agglomerating agent and then adjusting the pH of the dispersion with mixing to about 3.5 to about 6.5 to produce the particle agglomerates and use of the particle agglomerates to prepare ink receptive coatings, as catalysts, as reinforcing fillers, as polishing abrasives and as flattening agents.
Journal Article•