National Institute of Technology Calicut

About: National Institute of Technology Calicut is a education organization based out in Kozhikode, Kerala, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Control theory. The organization has 3627 authors who have published 4638 publications receiving 50830 citations. The organization is also known as: Calicut Regional Engineering College & NIT Calicut.

Energy and exergy analysis of steam gasification of biomass materials: a comparative study

Abstract: Conversion of solid biomass to gaseous fuel by thermo-chemical method is an efficient and feasible way for bio-hydrogen production. This article presents energy and exergy analyses of steam gasification of four biomass materials found plenty in southern part of Indian subcontinent. The biomass materials are coconut shell, coir pith, bamboo and eucalyptus. For the analysis, an exergy model is formulated based on a Redlich–Kwong real gas equilibrium model. Parametric variations with steam-to-biomass ratio and gasification temperature are presented for energy and exergy efficiencies of gasification. The biomass materials are compared based on exergy destruction, associated entropy generation and exergy efficiency of the gasification process. Comparison of the predicted results with the existing literature is done for validation. It is found that the least irreversible gasification process is for coir pith, followed by coconut shell, bamboo and eucalyptus with the corresponding exergetic efficiencies of 79.2%...

Cycle connectivity in fuzzy graphs

Abstract: In this article, the concept of cycle connectivity of a fuzzy graph is introduced. Cycle connectivity of fuzzy trees, fuzzy cycles and complete fuzzy graphs are obtained. Also the concept of cyclic cutnodes and cyclic bridges in fuzzy graphs are introduced. A condition for complete fuzzy graphs to possess cyclic cutnodes is obtained. Most of the results in this article are true for graphs also.

miR-9 Upregulation Integrates Post-ischemic Neuronal Survival and Regeneration In Vitro

Abstract: The irrefutable change in the expression of brain-enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) following ischemic stroke has promoted the development of radical miRNA-based therapeutics encompassing neuroprotection and neuronal restoration. Our previous report on the systems-level prediction of miR-9 in post-stroke-induced neurogenesis served as a premise to experimentally uncover the functional role of miR-9 in post-ischemic neuronal survival and regeneration. The oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in SH-SY5Y cells significantly reduced miR-9 expression, while miR-9 mimic transfection enhanced post-ischemic neuronal cell viability. The next major objective involved the execution of a drug repositioning strategy to augment miR-9 expression via structure-based screening of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that bind to Histone Deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), a known miR-9 target. Glucosamine emerged as the top hit and its binding potential to HDAC4 was verified by Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation, Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS) assay, and MALDI-TOF MS. It was intriguing that the glucosamine treatment 1-h post-OGD was associated with the increased miR-9 level as well as enhanced neuronal viability. miR-9 mimic or post-OGD glucosamine treatment significantly increased the cellular proliferation (BrdU assay), while the neurite outgrowth assay displayed elongated neurites. The enhanced BCL2 and VEGF parallel with the reduced NFκB1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS mRNA levels in miR-9 mimic or glucosamine-treated cells further substantiated their post-ischemic neuroprotective and regenerative efficacy. Hence, this study unleashes a potential therapeutic approach that integrates neuronal survival and regeneration via small-molecule-based regulation of miR-9 favoring long-term recovery against ischemic stroke.

Cr(i)Cl as well as Cr+ are stabilised between two cyclic alkyl amino carbenes.

Abstract: Cr(I)Cl is a very unstable species. The present work describes the stabilisation of Cr(I)Cl in the low coordinate environment of cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene ligands and its synthetic application to yield an unprecedented cationic complex with a two coordinate Cr(I). One electron reduction of (cAAC)2CrCl2 (1) with equivalent amount of KC8 results in the formation of (cAAC)2CrCl (2), with a distorted trigonal planar configuration at the metal centre. SQUID, EPR and theoretical studies reveal a Cr(I) centre with S = 5/2 spin ground state for 2. It represents the first example of a mononuclear Cr complex showing slow relaxation of magnetisation under an applied magnetic field. The chlorine atom in 2 is expected to be prone to further reactions with appropriate reagents. This qualifies 2 as a promising precursor for the preparation of various interesting complexes with Cr(I) in a low coordinate environment. The first example of this metathesis reaction is observed when 2 is treated with Na[B(C6H3(CF3)2)4] resulting in [(cAAC)2Cr]+[B(C6H3(CF3)2)4]−, a linear cationic complex with two coordinate Cr(I) and an S = 5/2 spin ground state.