Showing papers by "Northern Illinois University published in 1970"

Maximal monotone operators and nonlinear integral equations of Hammerstein type

Abstract: A nonlinear integral equation of Hammerstein type is one of the form \( u(x) + \int_{G} {K(x,\,y)f(y,\,u(y))dy} = w(x). \)

Group sex among the mid‐Americans∗

Abstract: This paper is one in a series of special presentations for the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex, dealing with group sex. Our data were collected from a selected sample of midwestern and southwestern white, suburban and exurban couples and single individuals engaged in what they call swinging. We contacted and interviewed approximately 350 informants during the two years of our research, using data from 280 interviewees who fit into the above category. These informants define the term swinging as having sexual relations (as a couple) with at least one other individual. Since more than a simple dyadic relationship exists whether the sexual activity involved takes place together or apart, the fact remains that more than two people had to enter into an agreement to have sexual experiences together. We therefore conclude that this must be considered group sex. We were interested in the growth and development of the broad spectrum of activities associated with organized swinging, but we wished to concentrate specifically upon those individuals belonging to some form of sodality or swinging organization. We attempted to ascertain to what extent American cultural patterns would be transferred to this relatively new phenomenon. Since white middle class, non inner city people constitute the majority in the United States, and we assume they are the major actors within the cultural system, our sample is restricted to these informants. Interviews lasted anywhere from two to eight hours. We eliminated individuals from the inner city, Blacks and Latin couples to keep our sample restricted. We did not misrepresent ourselves, but told them that we were anthropologists interested in knowing * In some academic circles sex research is not considered pertinent. I therefore would very much like to thank the President of Northern Illinois University Rhoten Smith, my anthropological colleagues, Drs. Pierre Gravel and James Gunnerson, and colleagues from other departments including sociology for their cooperation, assistance, and particularly their genuine moral support.

When and why did the human self evolve

Abstract: The construct of self is central to psychology and allied disciplines. This construct has captivated and enchanted philosophers and scientists, religious and political figures, writers and poets. The self has been hailed as the basis of motivation, emotion and behavior, and has also been heralded as the key to a deeper understanding of human nature. At the same time, the self has been mystified as enigmatic and fleeting, and has also been vilified as a direct route to personal miseries and societal woes. Given the increasing relevance of natural selection principles in psychology, it is not surprising that a construct as multifaceted and influential as the self has begun to attract the attention of those psychologists who are interested in the evolutionary origins of various human psychological attributes (e. These psychologists conceptualize the human self as a trait that evolved in response to the environmental pressures that drive natural selection. However, whether this conceptualization is likely to bear fruit is the subject of some debate. This debate is driven by the realization that our knowledge base concerning the conditions that influence the early evolution of humans is still thin. Consequently, one must make a number of plausible suppositions in an attempt to use principles of natural selection to understand the evolutionary origins of the self. For some researchers, such speculation—no matter how informed—is futile, and even potentially misleading. This is particularly true for those selection pressures, such as social organization, that leave only faint physical traces. For example, Bahn (1990, p. 75) argues: " I hate to break the news, but social organisation is unexcavatable, when the best one can hope for is a hypothesis based on inference and analogy … In fact it is quite possible that all the interpretations of Palaeolithic life yet put forward are hopelessly wrong, and in any case we shall never know which of them are correct. " However, other researchers believe that the generation of informed speculation facilitates, and may even be necessary to, the development of an understanding of how evolution has shaped human psychological characteristics. As noted by Quiatt and Reynolds (1993, p. 262): " Anthropologists who have managed perfectly to subdue their imagination make dull company. Only informed speculation can give us a sense of how our society Evolution of the Human Self 3 evolved. " In this chapter we side, rather unapologetically, with the latter of the two debate …

Effects of Mental Practice on Selected Volleyball Skills for College Women

Abstract: Three substudies were conducted to determine the effects of mental practice on improvement in serving and volleying skills in volleyball. The first substudy (10 subjects) compared mental practice (3 min. daily for each skill for 2 weeks) with no practice. The other substudies compared 3 min. and 1 min. of daily mental practice on each skill in addition to equal time for physical practice. The experimental periods were for 5 weeks (68 subjects) and 3 weeks (36 subjects). No statistically significant results were obtained for the volleying skill; however, the first two studies yielded significant results for the serving skill. Mental practice produced better results (P < .025) than did no practice, and 3 min. of mental practice was superior (P < .05) to 1 min. In conjunction with the last substudy, two additional areas were investigated. A questionnaire was administered concerning the mental practice periods, and electromyographic records were obtained from 19 subjects to investigate intrinsic musc...

The optical properties of Sb2Se3Sb2Te3

Abstract: The optical properties of single crystal specimens of Sb2Te3Sb2Se3 solid solutions have been investigated in the photon energy range 0.04 eV to 6.5 eV. A wide range of solid solutions having hexagonal structure were found to exhibit properties closely corresponding to the isostructural compounds Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3. Small indirect band gaps approaching semimetallic values were obtained. The high free-carrier concentrations gave rise to plasma effects in the near infra-red. In contrast Sb2Se3 is orthorhombic with a direct band gap near 1 eV. The chemical bonding concepts applied to similar systems seem applicable with only slight modification.

Energy Transfer from Donor–Acceptor Pairs to Deep-Lying Impurity States in Semiconductors†

Abstract: After briefly reviewing the formulation of resonance energy transfer, we consider resonance transfer from effective mass electronic states of donor-acceptor pairs to tightly-bound electronic states of impurities in semiconductors. Two general cases requiring different theoretical analyses are considered: 1. transfer from the donor-acceptor pair to a distant point fluorescer and 2. transfer from the pair to intra-core fluorescer states of the donor or acceptor. The energy transfer matrices for both cases are shown to depend on the radiative transition matrix for the fluorescer. For case 1, the transfer matrix depends on the overlap of the effective mass function of donor and acceptor; for case 2 the main contribution arises from effective mass functions in the unit cell within which is the fluorescer core. The analyses are applied qualitatively to ZnS:Cu, Ga, Mn and to ZnS:Cu, Tb, and comparisons made with other transfer mechanisms. Finally, transfer involving intra-donor transitions is predicted.

Finitely generated commutative semigroups

Abstract: Since all the semigroups considered in this paper are commutative, we shall use the terms “semigroup” and “group” where we actually mean “commutative semigroup” and “commutative group”. Some basic results from the theory of semigroups are required and will be used without explicit mention; these results may be found in [1, § 4.3]. We shall denote the additive semigroups of integers, positive integers, negative integers, positive rationals by Z, Z+, Z-, Q+ respectively.

Ophthalmological deficiencies in deaf children.

Abstract: The ophthalmological status of school aged deaf children was studied with control of age, sex, type of school, and success in learning. The incidence of eye defects was twice that found for hearing...

Role Playing, Collective Bargaining, and the Measurement of Attitude Change.

Abstract: Using what scholars have identified as the major explanations of industrial unrest in the United States, Lloyd measures changes in attitudes of students engaged in mock collective bargaining negotiations. By testing before and after the bargaining sessions, he is able to show the influence of role playing upon perception.

Forming impressions of personality: The effect of the initial impression

Abstract: Personality differences in impression formation were investigated as a function of initial impression, or response dispositions. Ss emitting positive or negative traits in describing a generalized “other” (PI and NI Ss, respectively) rated likeability of persons described by sets of favorable (H) or unfavorable (L) traits of varying set size. As predicted by a model of information integration in which an impression is a weighted average of trait components and an initial impression, PI rated both H and L trait sets more positively than did NI. The prediction that personality differences would diminish with increased set size was not supported. It was suggested that redundancy is an important factor in determining the effect of increased information on personality differences in impression formation.

Tunnel current through AlAl2O3Al structures in the case of non-uniform Al2O3 layer thickness

Abstract: This paper deals with the tunnel current through the AlAl2O3Al sandwich structures. It is shown that a model based on nonuniform thickness (NTM) of insulating Al2O3 film can well explain observed discrepancies between the experimental and the theoretical tunnel I–V characteristics in these structures. It is pointed out that the NTM is particularly successful in explaining the experimentally observed relation between the dielectric layer thickness determined from tunnel current (sT) and from capacitance measurements (sc). This experimentally determined ratio s T /s c ≈ 1 2 corresponds to the 10–20 orders of magnitude difference between the theoretical and experimental tunnel current. The results of structural studies of γ-modification of Al2O3 under the assumption of the NTM, predict for the ratio between the tunnel and capacitance thickness ST/Sc values 0.4–0.6, and thus provide good agreement between theory and experiment. In addition, NTM can explain other properties of the experimental tunnel current, such as values of 10−3-10−1 for the ratio of the effective and geometric areas σeff/σgeom, experimentally observed by Pollack and Morris from breakdown phenomena.

The Sacred Geography of the Tamil Shaivite Hymns

Abstract: Revitalization movements, past and present, have become subjects of special interest to both historians and social scientists. Nativistic, millennarian, messianic, and other kind of revitalization movements have provided scholars with useful data for the study of political, social and religious change, as well as what might be called "cultural crises" 1). Hinduism has experienced many such revitalization movements, in response to the internal development of Indian society or to the external challenges of invading peoples and alien faiths. We need only remind ourselves of the many syncretic Hindu cults which have developed as a result of challenges posed to the Hindu social order by Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity, in order to recognize the remarkable capacity of Hinduism for self-renewal. Among the most interesting revitalization movements to have developed within Hinduism are the various cults of bhakti devotionalism, with their simple but impassioned messages and their implied egalitarian bias. In particular, Tamil devotionalism has long been a subject of interest to students of Indian religious history. But the recent development of scholarly interest in modern Indian regionalism and its historic roots has added new urgency to the task of studying those movements which, like Tamil devotionalism, have important implications for the cultivation and dissemination of religious and literary symbols, values, and themes which are shared by the inhabitants of a particular linguistic region. One conclusion which emerges from a series

Mental Rehearsal and Point of Introduction Within the Context of Overt Practice.

Abstract: 65 college women were placed in one of five groups to learn the pursuit-rotor task. Four of the groups practiced mentally at various designated points during the overt practice context; the fifth practiced without any directed mental rehearsal. Using various statistical analyses, no significant differences were found between the groups, although a trend indicated some value of early introduction of mental rehearsal within the context of overt practice.

Analog to digital converter having an electrostatic encoder

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter including a encoder for electrostatically coupling signals of different phases from a signal generator to sense elements selectively as a function of the angular position of a shaft, and phase detection circuits connected to the sense elements for determining the phase of the signals coupled to each sense element to provide a binary coded word representing the angular position of the shaft.

Development of the female reproductive system and effect of males on oöcyte production in Sitona cylindricollis (Coleoptera : Curculionidae).

Abstract: Periodic dissections of adult female Sitona cylindricollis Fahraeus showed that the reproductive system remains underdeveloped and unproductive prior to hibernation. Only overwintered females showed fully developed and productive systems. Separation of males from females of the overwintered, producing populations showed that very frequent or continuous contact with males is necessary for sustained production of oocytes and eggs by females. Separation of the sexes for very brief periods leads to gaps in the chains of oocytes; longer periods cause complete cessation of oocyte production.

Interactions between "structure-of- intellect" factors and two methods of presenting concepts of modular arithmetic--a summary paper

Abstract: s of Research in Mathematics Education Investigations in Mathematics Education is a new occasional journal of abstracts, annotations, and listings of currently reported research on mathematics education. The journal is a publication of the School Mathe- matics Study Group (SMSG), edited by J. F. Weaver (the University of Wisconsin-Madison) and guided in its policies by the following editorial committee: E. G. Begle (Stanford University), Joseph N. Payne (The Uni- versity of Michigan), and Len Pikaart (The University of Georgia). Ab- stracts for the journal are prepared (upon invitation) by a team of mathe- matics educators. At present this team consists of thirty-six members. Two issues of Investigations in Mathematics Education have been pub- lished to date: volume 1, January 1969, and volume 2, July 1969. Each issue may be purchased at the price of $1 per copy from A. C. Vroman, Inc., 2085 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena, California 91109. (Include remittance with order.) Interested persons may have their names placed on a mailing list to receive publication notice of each subsequent issue of the journal. Address such requests to Investigations in Mathematics Education, School Mathematics Study Group, Cedar Hall, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Any Typewriter can Type Scientific Symbols! TECHNICAL, MATHEMATICAL, GREEK LETTER OR CUSTOM SYMBOLS A simple adapter and Typit symbol elements are all you need to profes- sionally type symbols along with your regular typing. No matter what make of typewriter you have, you can transform it into a limitless typing machine! No more leaving space for symbols . . . no more inking in symbols ... no more using improper typewriter letters in place of the proper sym- bols. Send today for FREE catalogs on Typit stock symbols and custom symbol designing. Specify make and type of typewriter. Write to: MECHANICAL ENTERPRISES 3127 Colvin Street, Alexandria, Va. 22314 42 Journal for Research/January 1970 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.157 on Thu, 09 Jun 2016 06:26:28 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

An empirical investigation of complexity and process in multiple‐choice items1,2

Abstract: In this study hierarchical syndrome analysis was used to investigate empirically the clustering of tests each of which consisted of items based upon the rationale of a particular category of the Bloom Taxonomy (i.e., an “application” test, an “analysis” test, etc.). Each test included items related to eight physical science principles. Thus an attempt was made to hold the content as constant as possible and systematically vary process in the formation of the tests. The data indicate possible ways of combining Taxonomy item types based on the psychological distance between the categories.