Ohio Department of Health

About: Ohio Department of Health is a government organization based out in Columbus, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Public health. The organization has 308 authors who have published 354 publications receiving 14493 citations.

Cryptosporidiosis Associated with Ozonated Apple Cider

Abstract: We linked an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis to ozonated apple cider by using molecular and epidemiologic methods. Because ozonation was insufficient in preventing this outbreak, its use in rendering apple cider safe for drinking is questioned.

Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), a newly recognized mosquito in the United States: analyses of genetic variation in the United States and putative source populations.

Abstract: Introduction of potential disease vectors into a new geographic area poses health risks to local human, livestock, and wildlife populations. It is therefore important to gain understanding of the dynamics of these invasions, in particular its sources, modes of spread after the introduction, and vectorial potential. We studied the population genetics of Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theobald), an Asian mosquito that was recognized for the first time in the United States in 1998. We examined patterns of genetic diversity using random amplified polymorphic DNA and sequences of ND4 of mtDNA by comparing samples from populations spanning the range of this mosquito in Japan (six samples) and the United States (nine samples) as well as specimens intercepted in New Zealand in 1999. We found geographically differentiated populations in Japan, indicating limited gene flow even on small spatial scales. In the United States, we found evidence of significant genetic differentiation between samples from New York, Connecticut, and New Jersey and those from mid-Pennsylvania and Maryland. We were unable to pinpoint the source location(s) in Japan, although some of the U.S. samples are genetically close to samples from south Honshu and western Kyushu. Further studies should include samples from Korean populations. Distinct genetic signatures in U.S. populations undergoing expansion suggest the possibility of local increases in genetic diversity if and where they meet.

Patients Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza During the 2010–2011 Influenza Season: Exploring Disease Severity by Virus Type and Subtype

Abstract: Background The 2010-2011 influenza season was dominated by influenza A(H3N2) virus, but influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 (pH1N1) and B viruses cocirculated. This provided an opportunity to explore within-season predictors of severity among hospitalized patients, avoiding biases associated with season-to-season differences in strain virulence, population immunity, and healthcare seeking. Methods Population-based, laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization surveillance data were used to examine the association between virus type/subtype and outcomes in children and adults. Multivariable analysis explored virus type/subtype, prompt antiviral treatment, medical conditions, and age as predictors for severity (intensive care unit admission or death). Results In children, pH1N1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-4.3), chronic metabolic disease (aOR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.74-15.69), and neuromuscular disorder (aOR, 4.84; 95% CI, 2.02-11.58) were independently associated with severity. In adults, independent predictors were pH1N1 (aOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.66-2.94), chronic lung disease (aOR, 1.46, 95% CI, 1.12-1.89), and neuromuscular disorder (aOR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.11-2.52).Antiviral treatment reduced the odds of severity among adults (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, .33-.68). Conclusions During the 2010-2011 season, pH1N1 caused more severe disease than H3N2 or B in hospitalized patients. Underlying medical conditions increased severity despite virus strain. Antiviral treatment reduced severity among adults. Our findings underscore the importance of influenza prevention.

Comparing Clinical Characteristics Between Hospitalized Adults With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza A and B Virus Infection

Abstract: We challenge the notion that influenza B is milder than in-fluenza A by finding similar clinical characteristics betweenhospitalized adult influenza-cases. Among patients treatedwith oseltamivir, length of stay and mortality did not differby type of virus infection.Keywords. influenza A and B virus infection; antiviraltreatment; hospitalization; adult.InfectionduetoinfluenzaBvirusisoftenperceivedtobemilderthan influenza A virus infection. However, studies have shownsimilar clinical features between patients infected with seasonalinfluenzaAandBvirusinoutpatientsettings[1,2]andsubstan-tial influenza B infections among pediatric influenza-associatedfatalities [3]. In addition, some studies have suggested thatoseltamivir may be less effective at reducing fever in outpa-tients infected with influenza B virus compared with influenzaAvirus[4]; very few published studies have compared out-comes among hospitalized patients, especially among adults.We used 8 years of data from adults hospitalized with labora-tory-confirmed influenza to compare clinical characteristicsbetween those infected with influenza A and B viruses and tocompare outcomes among patients treated with antiviral med-ications by virus type.METHODSWeuseddatafrom2005–2006through2012–2013influenzasea-sonscollected throughthe Influenza HospitalizationSurveillanceNetwork (FluSurv-NET), a partnership between the Centers forDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)andstateandlocalhealthdepartments, academic institutions, and their collaborators inmultiplestates.Priorto1September2009,thefollowing10stateswere included in surveillance: California, Colorado, Connecticut,Georgia,Maryland,Minnesota,NewMexico,NewYork,Oregon,and Tennessee.During 1September 2009–30 April 2010,thefol-lowing 5 additional states were included in surveillance: Iowa,Idaho, Michigan, Oklahoma, and South Dakota. After 1 October2010, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Idaho, Mary-land,Michigan,Minnesota,NewMexico,NewYork,Ohio,Okla-homa,Oregon,RhodeIsland,Tennessee,andUtahwereincludedinsurveillance. FluSurv-NET conducts population-basedsurveil-lance for laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitaliza-tions during the influenza season (ie, 1 October to 30 April forregular influenza season; the 2008–2009 season, however,ended on 14 April to account for the emergence of the influenzaA(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the spring of 2009; the 2009–2010 sea-son encompassed 15 April2009 through30 April2010). Patientswere captured in the surveillance system if they resided in theproject catchment area and were hospitalized in one of the sur-veillance hospitals with a positive influenza test result as deter-mined by viral culture, immunofluorescence antibody staining,rapid antigen test, reverse transcription polymerase chain reac-tion,ordocumentationofapositivetestresultinapatient’smed-ical record. Demographic and clinical information were obtainedfrom medical chart review. The analysis was limited to patientsaged ≥18 years and excluded possible nosocomial infections.In addition, we summarized influenza virus surveillance datafrom the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Re-spiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System collaborating